SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] {* | spaltenliste | funktion}
FROM {tabellenname [AS] [tabellenalias] | viewname [AS] [tabellenalias]} WHERE auswahlbedingung
[GROUP BY spaltenliste [HAVING auswahlbedingung] ]
[ORDER BY spalte [ASC | DESC] [,spalte2 [ASC | DESC]… ];
Bedingung spaltenname vergleichsoperator wert
Spaltenliste spaltenname [[AS] spaltenalias]
[,spaltename 2 [[AS] spaltenalias]]…
SELECT spaltenliste
FROM tabellenname1
NATURAL JOIN tabellenname2;
SELECT spaltenliste
FROM tabellenname1 [tabellenalias]
[[INNER | {LEFT | FULL | RIGHT [OUTER]}] JOIN tabellenname2 [tabellenalias] ON tabellenname1.spaltename = tabellenname2.spaltenname]…;
SELECT spaltenliste
FROM tabellenname1 {UNION | INTERSECT | MINUS}
SELECT spaltenliste
FROM tabellenname2
SELECT spaltenliste
FROM tabellenname1 [[INNER | {LEFT | RIGHT [OUTER]}] JOIN tabellenname2
USING (spaltename)]…;
ziel := wert;
SELECT spalte
INTO ziel
FROM …….
[WHERE……];
ALTER TABLE tabellenname
{ADD {spaltendefinition | constraint}
| DROP {spaltenname | constraintname}
| MODIFY spaltenname spaltendefinition
| MODIFY CONSTRAINT constraintname constraintRegel
| RENAME COLUMN spaltennameAlt TO SplatennameNeu };
INSERT INTO tabellenname
(spaltenname1, spaltenname2… )
VALUES (wert1, wert2… );
UPDATE tabellenname
SET spaltenname = wert [, spaltenname2 = wert]…
[WHERE auswahlbedingung];
DELETE tablennename
WHERE auswahlbedingung;
CREATE TABLE tabellenname(
spaltendefinition
[, spaltendifinition2]…
[CONSTRAINT constraintname
{PRIMARY KEY (spaltenliste)
| FOREIGN KEY (spaltenliste) REFERENCES tabellenname[(spaltenliste)]
| CHECK (bedingung)}]… );
CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW viewname
[(spaltenalias [, spaltenalias_n]… )]
AS abfrage
CREATE SEQUENCE sequenzname
[START WITH anfangswert]
[INCREMENT BY wert];
CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX indexname
ON tabellenname (spaltenname1[ASC | DESC] [, spaltenname2 [ASC | DESC]]…);
CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER triggername
{BEFORE | AFTER}
{DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE [OF spaltenliste]}… ON tabellenname
FOR EACH ROW
[WHEN (bedingung)]
[DECLARE
bezeichner datentyp; […]]
BEGIN anweisungen;
END;
spaltenname datentyp [NOT NULL | DEFAULT wert]
| UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY
| REFERENCES tabellenname [(spaltenname)]
[ON DELETE CASCADE] | CHECK (bedingung)
|
NOT
|
|
AND
|
|
OR
|
|
CURRENT_DATE
|
|
SYSDATE
|
|
EXTRACT ({DAY | MONTH | YEAR} FROM datumswert)
|
|
NULL
|
|
NOT NULL
|
|
<, <=, >, >=, =, <>
|
|
LIKE
|
|
IN
|
|
IS NULL, IS NOT NULL
|
|
BETWEEN wert1 AND wert2
|
|
* /
|
|
+ -
|
|
||
|
|
%, _
|
|
mit einem Ergebnis: =, !=, <, >, <=, >=
|
|
mit mehrzeiligem Ergebnis: IN, EXISTS, ALL, ANY
|
|
UNIQUE
|
|
PRIMARY KEY
|
|
FOREIGN KEY
|
|
REFERENCES
|
|
CHECK
|
|
INTEGER, SMALLINT, NUMBER(n1,m), DECIMAL(n,m)
|
|
CHAR(anzahl), VARCHAR(anzahl)
|
|
DATE, TIMESTAMP
|
|
TEXT, CLOB, BLOB
|
|
SUM(spaltenname)
|
|
MIN(spaltenname)
|
|
MAX(spaltenname)
|
|
AVG(spaltenname)
|
|
COUNT({* | ([DISTINCT]spaltenname})
|
|
UPPER(spaltename)
|
|
LOWER(spaltenname)
|
|
MOD(dividend, divisor)
|
|
ABS(ausdruck)
|
|
POWER(basis,exponent)
|
|
SQRT(ausdruck)
|
|
ROUND(ausdruck[nachkommastellen])
|
|
TO_CHAR(ausdruck)
|
|
TO_NUMBER(ausdruck,formatstring)
|
|
TO_DATE(datum,formatstring)
|
|
DROP TABLE tabellenname [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
|
|
DROP INDEX indexname;
|
|
DROP SEQUENCE sequenzname;
|
|
DROP TRIGGER triggername;
|
|
DROP VIEW viewname;
|
IF bedingung
THEN
anweisungen;
[ELSE
anweisungen;]
END IF;
ELSIF bedingung
anweisungen
|
raise_application_error(errornummer2, errortext3);
|
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