Russian Verbs Cheat Sheet

A Education › Russian cheat sheet in English by LaghmanC

The basics of Russian conjugation including verbal aspect, moods and tenses

Russiangrammar Russianverbs

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Infinitive endings

-ть / -ти / -чь

Verbal Aspect (how the action takes place)

Imperfective Aspect	Perfective Aspect
Describes action of a general nature, things in progress, and repetitive or habitual actions	Emphasizes completion of an action or have a restricted, focused meaning
Adverbs often used with imperfectives: всегд́а, каждый день, иногда́, часто́, обы́чно, и т.д.	Adverbs that suggest completion: вдруг, наконе́ц, совсе́м, сра́зу, и т.д.

Note: the perfective aspect does not have a present tense (the present, by definition, cannot be completed).

Mnemonic: the Imperfective is Infinite (long period of time)

The Subjunctive Mood

бы + past tense of the verb

Expresses desire, fervent hope, hypotheses, contrary-to-fact statements

Note: the perfective aspect is used for positive statements whereas the imperfective aspect is used for negative statements.
N.B. "бы" is sometimes shortened as "б"

The Present Tense

	Conjugation Class I (- е - type)	Conjugation Class II (-и- type)
я	-ю/(-у)	-ю/(-у)
ты	-ешь/-ёшь	-ишь
он (она́, оно́)	-ет/-ёт	-ит
мы	-ем/-ём	-им
вы	-ете/ёте	-ите
они́	-ют/(-ут)	-ят/(-ат)

Spelling rule: after г, к, х, ж and ч, -ю becomes -у and -я becomes -а.
Note: a lot of Russian verbs are irregular.

The Past Tense (for both aspects)

Masculine (я,ты, он)	Stem + л
Feminine (я, ты, она́)	Stem + ла
Neuter (оно́)	Stem + ло
Plural (мы, вы, они́)	Stem + ли

The Imperative Mood

ты	-ай	-и	-ь
вы	-айте	-ите	-ьте

Note: For the first person singular, use "давай" + infinitive (imperfective)/or the 1st person singular of the future tense (perfective).
Note2: For the first person plural, use "давайте" + infinitive (imperfective)/or the 1st person plural of the future tense (perfective).

The Future Tense

	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
	Used when there is a general statement in the future, an indication of duration or time, for politeness	Expresses the action as a complete event
я	бу́ду + infinitive	-ю/(-у)
ты	бу́дешь + infinitive	-ешь/-ёшь ; -ишь
он/ она́/оно́	бу́дет + infinitive	-ет/-ёт ; -ит
мы	бу́дем + infinitive	-ем/-ём ; -им
вы	бу́дете + infinitive	-ете/-ёте ; -ите
они́	бу́дут + infinitive	-ют/(-ут) ; -ят/(-ат)

Note: the future tense in the imperfective aspect is also known as the compound future

Reflexive Verbs (-ся- verbs)

Add -ся if the conjugated verb ends with a vowel

Add -сь if the conjugated verb ends with a consonant

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