Ruby on Sinatra Using The Twitter API
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local variable
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local_variable
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instance variable
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@instance_variable
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class variable
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@@class_variable
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global variable
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$global_variable
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String
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"Sequence of characters." or 'Sequence of characters.' |
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Symbol (identifier)
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:a_symbol, :another_symbol, :name |
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Integer
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42, 100, 1002, -256 |
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Float (floating point)
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1.1, 3.1415926, 5.5, -128.6 |
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Numeric Methods
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+, -, *, /, % |
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Comparison Operators
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==, !=, >, >=, <, <= |
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Return Value
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Last line of a ruby method/block/expression in IRB
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Boolean
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true or false |
nil |
counts as false in Ruby, everything counts as true
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Array (0 indexed)
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letters = ["a", "b", "c"] |
letters[2] |
#returns "c"
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letters[1] = "monkey" |
["a", "monkey", "c"] |
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ERB
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Embedded Ruby for making dynamic HTML templates
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erb :hello |
Sinatra looks in "views" folder for hello.erb file
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Show @tweets
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<% if @tweets %> <% @tweets.each do |tweet| %> <p><%= tweet %></p> <% end %> <% end %>
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Instance Variables
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Any instance variables you declare in your routes, will be accessible in these erb files
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seen_it = "seen again" |
Save string to variable
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num = 3 |
Save integer to variable
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other_num = 5 |
Save another integer to another variable
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answer = (num + other_num) * 6 |
Save result of adding/multiplying.
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dog_speak = "woof!" |
puts "Dogs say #{dog_speak}" |
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or
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puts "Dogs say " + dog_speak |
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if/else
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if input == admin_password |
admin_logged_in = true |
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else |
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puts "Sorry, wrong password." |
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end |
split |
Breaks a string into an array.
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join |
Takes an array and joins into a string.
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upcase |
Makes characters capital letters.
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reverse |
Reverse characters in a string.
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sample |
Randomly choose element.
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map |
Do the same thing to every element.
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Cmd+Click (Mac) or Ctrl+Click
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Open links in new tabs.
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ruby-doc.org ("The Ruby Docs")
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Ruby coding best practices.
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Stack Overflow
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Oops. Research your error.
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Guides and blog posts
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Has someone done this before?
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Sinatra
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Framework for building a web server written in Ruby
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Routing
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Action taken in response to request
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Path
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text and slashes after domain
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Sinatra looks for
get '/hello' |
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get '/hello' do |
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#code to return a response to the browser |
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end |
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String Response
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get '/hello' |
"Hello, friendly web traveler!" |
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end |
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HTML File Response
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get '/hello' do |
erb :hello |
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end |
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Get tweets route
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get '/' do |
@tweets = $client.user_timeline.map { |tweet| tweet.text } |
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erb :index |
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end |
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Redirect '/' |
Get server to run code in get '/' route
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push |
Add to end of array:
letters << "elephant" or letters.push("elephant") |
<< |
Shovel operator. Push to end of array.
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unshift |
Add element to beginning of array:
letters.unshift("zebra") |
pop |
Remove from end of array.
letters.pop |
shift |
Remove from start of array.
letters.shift |
.method(arguments) |
Call a method with arguments. Some methods require no arguments.
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letters.pop |
Method without arguments.
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Instantiate a Hash (hash rockets)
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person = {:name => "Lauren", :age => 89, :sex => "female"} |
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Instantiate a Hash (shortcut)
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person = {name: "Lauren", age: 89, sex: "female"} |
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Access value by key.
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person[:name] # returns "Lauren" |
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Update value by key.
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person[:age] = 12 |
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Insert key, value pair.
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person[:gender] = "cis female" |
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Remove value by key.
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person.delete(:sex) # returns "female" |
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Greeting Method Accepts Name
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def create_greeting(name) |
return "Welcome, #{name}" |
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end |
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Call Greeting Method
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create_greeting("Lauren") |
#returns 'Welcome, Lauren" |
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Upcase On Call To Greeting Method
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create_greeting("Lauren").upcase |
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Arguments
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Input given to methods.
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Parameters
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Define what can be passed to a method.
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Return value
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Output from a function
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Implicit Return
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Returning last line of method without explicit "return"
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Ruby gems
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Download, install, and use ruby software packages on your system
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$ ruby -v |
Get Ruby Version
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$ irb |
Load up interactive Ruby
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$ gem install sinatra |
Install sinatra gem
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$ gem install twitter |
Install twitter gem
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$ ruby server.rb |
Tell Ruby interpreter to run code.
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Ctrl+C
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Stop server from running.
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Server
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has IP address, processes requests made by the (client) browser
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HTTP
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protocol enabling communication between clients and servers
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HTTP Verbs
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GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE |
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GET
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Request Tweets(data) from Twitter API
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POST
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Submit Tweet(data) to Twitter API
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https:
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scheme
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twitter.com
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domain
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lauren_n_roth/status/699996428429561856
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path
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Params hash
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params[:tweet] |
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times
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10.times do |
puts "Hello!" |
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end |
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times loop with counter
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10.times do |counter| |
puts "#{counter}" |
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end |
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each |
letters = ["a", "b", "c"] |
letters.each do |letter| |
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puts "Letter #{letter}" |
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end |
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map |
capital_letters = letters.map do |letter| |
letter.upcase |
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end |
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block style
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letters.each { |letter| puts "Upcase #{letter.upcase}!" } |
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elegant map method
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capitals = letters.map { |letter| letter.upcase } |
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Download files
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bit.ly/dbc-twitter-sinatra
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Sign Up To Use Twitter API
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apps.twitter.com
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Create New App
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1. Create new App 2. Create Access Tokens 3. Ensure permissions are read/write
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Set up Twitter $client global variable
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require twitter |
$client = Twitter::REST::Client.new do |config| |
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config.consumer_key = "YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY" config.consumer_secret = "YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET" config.access_token = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN" config.access_token_secret = "YOUR_ACCESS_SECRET" |
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end |
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Get user timeline
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$client.user_timeline |
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Send tweet
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$client.update("omg I am tweeting from the command line. So cool!") |
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