Textbook Chap 2 &10 Outline Cheat Sheet

Some studies include 2+ organi­smi­c-a­ttr­ibu­te-­status variables that intend to predict a different continuous variable.
Ex. If resear­chers were interested in the relati­onship between living in the city since birth & problems in adoles­cence possible variables could be (a) drug use (b) criminal records before the age of 18

The "­hum­an" side of issues, such as an indivi­dua­l's opinions, emotions, & beliefs.

Also assist with identi­fying intangible factors, like social norms, SES, gender roles, & religion.

*When it's used in addition to quanti­tative methods, this provides us a better unders­tanding of the complex reality of given situations as well as the meaning of the quanti­tative data.

Are predictive statements about the outcome that's expected.
Must be clearly explic­ated.

Null Hypoth­esis- Predicts that no relati­onship exists.

Altern­ative Hypoth­esis- Predict that groups assisted in different treatments will demons­trate a difference in perfor­mance.

Null Hypothesis Sign test- If the null is rejected p<.05, the direction of the group means must be in the direction (if specified) you expected to gain support.

Theories are broader compared to hypoth­eses.
Hypoth­esis= based on a specific observ­ation
*Theories= A general principle utilizing numerous tests.

*If the study includes indepe­nde­nt/­dep­endent variables, this is an experi­mental method.

Resear­chers choose their partic­ipants based on preexi­sting groups they are part of who demons­trate the identi­fying charac­ter­istics for the predictor variable.
Could be sex, race, education, occupa­tion, diagnosis, political afflic­tions.
These variables are unable to be manipu­lated by resear­chers because we can't alter someon­e's political associ­ation or sex.
-The term indepe­ndent variable* is utilized & implies that a causal relati­onship exists. So we refer to group membership as a predictor variable since manipu­lation hasn't occurred.