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/
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root directory of the entire file system hirarchy
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/bin/
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Essential user command binaries
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/boot/
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static files of the boot loader
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/dev/
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device files
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/etc/
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host-specific system configuration
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/home/
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user home directories
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/lib/
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essential shared libraries and kernel modules
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/media/
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mount point for removable media such as USB
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/mnt/
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mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystems
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/opt/
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optional commercial software
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/sbin/
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system binaries
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/usr/
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user utilities and applications
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/usr/share/
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shared files over the system
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/root/
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home directory for the root user
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sudo <command>
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do a command as a super user (root)
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passwd
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change the user password
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whoami
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show the current user
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who
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show user detaled data
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su <username>
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switch user
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sudo adduser <username>
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make new user
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sudo adduser <username> <groupname>>
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add existing user to a group
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sudo adduser <username> sudo
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add the user to the sudoers file (giving him the root privilage)
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sudo deluser <username>
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delete user account (doesn't remove his files in the home directory remove it yourself)
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uname -a
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displays detaled system information
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free
|
display memory size (total,used and free sizes)
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free -h
|
display memory size in human readable format
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lsblk
|
list block devices
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badblocks <device> -v
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searches for bad sectors in device
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badblocks /dev/sda1 -v > file
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searches for bad sectors in sda1 and put the output in file
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cd <directory>
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change directory:go to the given directory
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cd ~
|
change directory to home
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cd ..
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go up one directory
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cd -
|
go to the previous working directory
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ls
|
list directory contents
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ls -l
|
use long listing format
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ls -lh
|
use human readable long listing format
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find <file or directory>
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searchs for file or directory in the working directory
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locate <file or directory>
|
searchs for file or directory in the whole system
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pwd
|
print working directory
|
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using up and down arrows
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navigating throw your command history
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ctrl+R
|
searching for previously typed command in your history
|
|
clear
|
clears terminal
|
|
history
|
view command history
|
|
<command> | less
|
for long output commands: view only one page and give you the ability to navigate through output lines using arrow keys exit using Q
|
|
<command> | more
|
for long output commands: view only one page and give you the ability to navigate through output pages using Enter exit using Q
|
|
<command> && <command>
|
perform two commands one after the other
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man <comman or program>
|
show manual of that program or tool
|
|
cp <file> <target dir>
|
copy file to a target directory
|
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mv <file> <target dir>
|
move file to a target directory,and can be used to rename files
|
|
rm <file>
|
remove file
|
|
rm -r <dir>
|
remove directory recursively
|
|
rm -i
|
prompt for every removal
|
|
rm -v
|
explain what's being done
|
|
nano <file>
|
a terminal based text editor
|
|
chmod <mode> <file>
|
changes mode (permissions) of the file
|
|
chmod -R <mode> <dir>
|
change mode of directory and its contents recursively
|
|
chown <owner> file
|
change owner of the file
|
|
chown <owner> : <group> file
|
change owner and group of file
|
|
mkdir <dir name>
|
makes new directory
|
|
zip <archive name> <files to be archived>>
|
make a .zip archive including the selected files
|
|
unzip <archive>
|
extract the archive in the working directory
|
|
apt search <package name>
|
search for package in the database
|
|
apt show <package name>
|
show detaled information about the package
|
|
sudo apt install <package name>
|
install package, if it's already installed it will search for updates for it,if it's already the last version it tell you that
|
|
sudo apt remove <package name>
|
remove installed package
|
|
apt list --installed
|
list installed packages
|
|
sudo apt autoremove
|
remove the packages that has no use
|
|
sudo apt update
|
update packages database
|
|
sudo apt upgrade
|
upgrade installed software
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
