Cancer and diseases (Staying Alive) Cheat Sheet

Causes of Lung Cancer:
- Smoking tobacco (80%)
- Family history
- Previous lung disease
- Air pollution

Symptoms include:
- Coughing, especially if it persists or becomes intense
- Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back unrelated to pain from coughing
- A change in color or volume of sputum
- Shortness of breath
- Changes in the voice or being hoarse
- Harsh sounds with each breath (stridor)
- Recurrent lung problems, such as bronchitis or pneumonia
- Coughing up phlegm or mucus, especially if it is tinged with blood
- Coughing up blood
- Loss of appetite or unexpl­ained weight loss
- Muscle wasting (also known as cachexia)
- Fatigue
- Headaches, bone or joint pain
- Bone fractures not related to accidental injury
- Neurol­ogical symptoms, such as unsteady gait or memory loss
- Neck or facial swelling
- General weakness
- Bleeding
- Blood clots

What is heart disease?
Heart disease is an umbrella term for several diseases related to the heart
What other names is heart disease referred to as?
Cardio­vas­cular disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Heart Failure
Peripheral vascular disease
Hypert­ensive Disease
Rheumatic Heart Disease
List 5 risk factors.
Diet
Gender
Age
High Blood Pressure
Family History
Outline how 2 risk factors can contribute to heart disease.
Diet- If you are obese fat can grow around your heart or in you arteries, limiting your hearts ability to function
Family History - If your family has a history of heart disease, you are more likely to contract heart disease due to genes.

Treatment of emphysema:

- Drug therapies
- Oxygen therapy
- Pulmonary rehabi­lit­ation
- Preven­tion: smoking cessation
- Vaccin­ation
- Nutrition
- Surgery

Prevention of emphysema:

To prevent emphysema, don't smoke and avoid breathing secondhand smoke. Wear a mask to protect your lungs if you work with chemical fumes or dust.

Treatment Options include:

- Surgery
- Radiof­req­uency ablation
- Chemot­herapy
- Radiot­herapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immuno­therapy
- laser therapy
- photod­ynamic therapy
- cryosu­rgery
- electr­oca­utery

To reduce risk of lung cancer:
- Don't smoke. 
- Stop smoking. 
- Avoid second hand smoke. 
- Test your home for radon. 
- Avoid carcin­ogens at work. 
- Eat a diet full of fruits and vegeta­bles. 
- Exercise most days of the week. 

Artificial heart valves are mechanical or animal valves, implanted into a heart to help it pump blood through the heart. It is usually given to patients with valvular heart disease.
• The animal heart valves can raise some problems, because some patients may have a moral or religious problem with the animal­'s death.
• The animal heart valves also does not last as long as the mechanical heart valves.
• However the mechanical heart valves do require blood thinner medica­tion, but the animal valves don't more than half the time.
• All replac­ement heart valves increase risk of stroke.
• Mechanical heart valves also have a clicking noise that can be annoying to some patients,
• But unlike the animal often does not require a second surgery.
• However it is a very efficient way of treating valvular heart disease,
• But there are a few other options that are only slightly more expensive.

Because it often requires surgery or medica­tion, and can increase risk of stroke.
I believe it is better not to get Artificial Valves.

Cause of emphysema:

- Smoking
- Low body weight
- Childhood respir­atory disorders
- Exposure to passive cigarette smoke
- Air pollution
- Occupa­tional dust (mineral dust, cotton dust, for example)
- Inhaled chemicals (coal, grains, isocya­nates, cadmium, for example).

Symptoms of emphysema:

- Shortness of breath
- Cough.
- Frequent lung infections
- Producing a lot of mucus (phlegm or sputum)
- Wheezing
- Reduced appetite
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blueness of the lips or fingernail beds (from cyanosis caused by poor respir­ation)
- Anxiety, depression
- Sleep problems
- Mornin­g h­ead­ach­e s­ignals nighttime breathing difficulty (nocturnal hyperc­apnia or hypoxemia)