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AX
Accumulator; used to store some calculation results
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BX
Base; index register for MOVE
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CX
Counter; count for string operations & shifts
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DX
Datas; port address for IN and OUT
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SP
Points to top of stack
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BP
Points to base of stack frame
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SI
Points to a source in stream operations
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DI
Points to a destination in stream operations
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CS
Points to base of segment containing code
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DS
Points to base of segment containing datas
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SS
Points to base of segment containing the stack
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ES
Points to base of an additionnal segment
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IP
Points to the next instruction to be run
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LOOP
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Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0
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LOOPE LOOPZ
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Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 and ZF = 1
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LOOPNE LOOPNZ
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Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 and ZF = 0
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JCXZ
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Jumps to label if CX = 0
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Instruction
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Usage
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Example
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MOV
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Assigns value to register
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MOV AX, 15h
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ADD
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Adds value to register
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ADD AX, BX
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SUB
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Substracts value to register
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SUB AX, 1
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AND
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Executes binary AND operation
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AND AL, 1101111b
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OR
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Executes binary OR operation
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OR AL, BX
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NOT
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Executes binary NOT operation
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NOT AL
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XOR
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Executes binary XOR operation
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XOR AL, 01010101b
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SHL/SAL/SHR/SAR
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Shifts to the left or to the right. When arithmetic, the sign bit doesn't shift. Explused bit is stocked in CF
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SHL AL, 1 / SAL AL, 2
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ROL/RCL/ROR/RCR
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Rotates to the left or to the right, using or not CF
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ROL AL, 1 / RCR AL, 2
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INC / DEC
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Increments or decrements a value
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INC AX / DEC BX
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ADC / SBB
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Does an addition or substraction of >16bits numbers, by storing restraint in CF
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ADC AX, CX
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STC / CLS / CMC
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Sets CF to 1, 0 or inverts it
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STC
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STD / CLD
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Sets DF to 1 or 0
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STD
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STI / CLI
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Sets IF to 1 or 0
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CLI
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MUL / IMUL / DIV / IDIV
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Multiplies or divides two numbers and stores it to AX (+DX for most significant bit)
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MOV AL, 0001Ah MUL 00002h
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JMP
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Jumps to a label
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JMP calc
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CMP
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Performs a comparison
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CMP AL, 01234b
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PUSH / PUSHA / PUSHF
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Pushes a data to SS:[SP] / all registers / FLAGS
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PUSH 10h
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POP / POPA / POPF
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Restores fatas form SS:[SP] / all registers (except SP) / FLAGS
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POP AX
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Instruction
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Description
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Condition
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JA
|
Jump if Above
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CF = 0 and ZF = 0
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JAE
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Jump if Above or Equal
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CF = 0
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JB
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Jump if Below
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CF = 1
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JBE
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Jump if Below or Equal
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CF = 1 or ZF = 1
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JC
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Jump if Carry
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CF = 1
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JE
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Jump if Equal
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ZF = 1
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JG
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Jump if Greater
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ZF = 0 and SF = OF
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JGE
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Jump if Greater of Equal
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SF = OF
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JL
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Jump if Less
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SF <> OF
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JLE
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Jump if Less or Equal
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ZF = 1 or SF <> OF
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JO
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Jump if Overflow
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OF = 1
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JP
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Jump if Parity
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PF = 1
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JPE
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Jump if Parity Even
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PF = 1
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JS
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Jump if Sign
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SF = 1
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JZ
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Jump if Zero
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ZF = 1
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Decimal
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Hexa
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Binary
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Color
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0
|
00h
|
0000b
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Black
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1
|
01h
|
0001b
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Blue
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2
|
02h
|
0010b
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Green
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3
|
03h
|
0011b
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Colbalt blue
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4
|
04h
|
0100b
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Red
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5
|
05h
|
0101b
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Violet
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6
|
06h
|
0110b
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Brown
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7
|
07h
|
0111b
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Light grey
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8
|
08h
|
1000b
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Dark grey
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9
|
09h
|
1001b
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Light blue
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10
|
0Ah
|
1010b
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Light green
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11
|
0Bh
|
1011b
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Light cobalt
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12
|
0Ch
|
1100b
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Light red
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13
|
0Dh
|
1101b
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Light violet
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14
|
0Eh
|
1110b
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Yellow
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15
|
0Fh
|
1111b
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White
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
