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Socket-based activation
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Bus-based activation
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Device-based activation
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Path-based activation
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Mount and automount point management
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Aggressive parallelization
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Transactional unit activation logic
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Backwards compatibility with SysV init
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/etc/systemd/system.conf override default configuration
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.service A system service
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.target A group of systemd units
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.automount A file system automount point
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.device A device file recognized by the kernel
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.mount A file system mount point
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.path A file or directory in a file system
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.scope An externally created process
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.slice A group of hierarchically organized units that manage system processes
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.snapshot A saved state of the systemd manager
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.socket An inter-process communication socket
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.swap A swap device or a swap file
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.timer A systemd timer
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/usr/lib/systemd/system/ Systemd unit files distributed with installed packages
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/run/systemd/system/ Systemd unit files created at run time
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/etc/systemd/system/ Systemd unit files for extending a service
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journalctl -b show all messages from this boot
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journalctl -b -1 show all messages from previous boot
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journalctl --since="2012-10-30 18:17:16" show all messages from date and optional time
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journalctl --since "20 min ago" show all messages since 20 minutes ago
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journalctl -f show new messages
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journalctl /usr/lib/systemd/systemd show all messages by a specific executable
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journalctl _PID=1 show all messages by a specific process
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journalctl -u man-db.service show all messages by a specific unit
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journalctl -k show kernel ring buffer:
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journalctl -p err..alert Show only error, critical, and alert priority messages
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journalctl SYSLOG_FACILITY=10 show auth.log equivalent by filtering on syslog facility
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journalctl --file /var/log/journal/*/system.journal -f force journalctl to look only into most recent journal
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journalctl --vacuum-size=100M remove archived journal files until the disk space they use falls below 100M
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journalctl --vacuum-time=2weeks make all journal files contain no data older than 2 weeks
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bootctl --path=esp status shows brief information about the system firmware
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bootctl --path=esp install installs systemd-boot into the EFI system partition
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bootctl --path=esp update updates all installed versions of systemd-boot
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bootctl --path=esp remove removes all installed versions of systemd-boot
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bootctl --path=esp list shows all available boot loader entries
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bootctl --path=esp set-default ID sets the default boot loader entry
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systemd-cgls shows the cgroup hierarchy in a pretty tree
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udevadm info options devpath query the udev database for device information
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udevadm trigger options devpath request device events from the kernel
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udevadm settle options watches the udev event queue
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udevadm control option modify the internal state of the running udev daemon
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udevadm monitor options listens to the kernel uevents
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udevadm test options devpath simulate a udev event run for the given device and print debug output
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coredumpctl list list core dumps
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coredumpctl info show information about core dump
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coredumpctl dump extract the core dump
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coredumpctl debug invoke debugger on a core dump
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hostnamectl status show current system hostname and related information
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hostnamectl set-hostname name set the system hostname to name
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systemctl list-units --type service list all currently loaded service units
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systemctl list-units --type service --all list all loaded service units regardless of their state
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systemctl list-unit-files --type service list all available service units to see if they are enabled
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systemctl status name.service show detailed information about a service unit
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systemctl is-active name.service verify a particular service unit is running
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systemctl is-enabled name.service verify a particular service unit is enabled
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systemctl list-dependencies --after name.service show units ordered to start before a service unit
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systemctl list-dependencies --before name.service show units ordered to start after a service unit
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systemctl start name.service start a service unit
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systemctl stop name.service stop a service unit
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systemctl restart name.service restart a service unit
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systemctl try-restart name.service restart a service unit if corresponding service running
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systemctl reload name.service reload service unit configuration file
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systemctl enable name.service enable service unit
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systemctl reenable name.service reenable service unit
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systemctl disable name.service disable service unit
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systemctl mask name.service mask service unit to prevent from being started
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systemctl unmask name.service unmask a service unit
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systemctl daemon-reload notify new service file exists
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systemd-delta show overridden units
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localectl status show current status
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localectl list-locales list available locales
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localectl set-locale LANG=locale set new locale
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localectl list-keymaps list available keymaps
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localectl set-keymap map set new keymap
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localectl set-x11-keymap map set console and x11 keymap
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localectl --no-convert set-x11-keymap map set x11 keymap
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timedatectl show current date and time
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timedatectl set-time HH:MM:SS change current time
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timedatectl set-local-rtc boolean set clock in local time
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timedatectl set-time YYYY-MM-DD change current date
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timedatectl list-timezones list all available time zones
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timedatectl set-timezone time_zone set new timezone
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timedatectl set-ntp boolean set or unset NTP service
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systemd-nspawn -b -D /path/to/os/tree run OS in a namespace container
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systemd-nspawn -b -D /path/to/os/tree -M machine_name --network-bridge=bridge_name run OS in a namespace container
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Ctril+]]] kill the container from inside
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machinectl list list currently running containers
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machinectl status machine_name show runtime status information about the container
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machinectl show machine_name show properties about the container
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machinectl start machine_name start container as a system service by the name in /var/lib/machines/
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machinectl login machine_name open an interactive terminal login session in container
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machinectl shell opean an interactive shell session in a container
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machinectl enable machine_name enable a container as a system service
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machinectl disable *machine_name disable a container as a system service
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machinectl reboot machine_name reboot a container
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machinectl terminate machine_name terminates a container
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machinectl kill machine_name send a signal to processes of the container
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machinectl bind machine_name host_path container_path bind mounts from the host into the container
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machinectl copy-to machine_name host_path container_path copies from the host into a running container
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machinectl copy-from machine_name container_path host_path copies from container into the host system
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networkctl list show list of links
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networkctl status link show information about specified link
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networkctl lldp link show LLDP neighbors
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networkctl label show numerical address labels
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systemctl start systemd-networkd.service start systemd-networkd daemon
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systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service start systemd-networkd daemon at boot
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systemctl start systemd-resolvd.service start systemd-resolved daemon
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systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service start systemd-resolved daemon at boot
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resolvectl query www.example.com show the address of the www.example.com domain
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resolvectl query 8.8.8.8 show the domain of the 8.8.8.8 IP address
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resolvectl status link show global and per-link DNS
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resolvect statistics show resolver statistics
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resolvectl reset-statistics reset the statistics
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resolvectl flush-caches flushes all DNS resource record cache
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resolvectl reset-server-features flushes all feature resolver learnt
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resolvectl dns ... get/set per-interface DNS
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resolvectl revert link revert per-interface DNS
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ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf provide NSS service
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poweroff.target shut down and power off the system
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rescue.target set up rescue shell
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multi-user.target set up non graphical multi user system
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graphical.target set up graphical multi user system
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reboot.target shutdown and reboot the system
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systemctl list-units --type target lists currently loaded target units
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systemctl list-units --type target --all lists all loaded target units
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systemctl isolate name.target changes the current target
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systemctl get-default view default target
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systemctl set-default name.target set desired target
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systemctl isolate name.target change current to desired target
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systemctl rescue change current target and enter rescue mode
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systemctl --no-wall rescue change current target and enter rescue mode
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systemctl emergency change the current target and enter emergency mode
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systemctl --no-wall emergency change the current target and enter emergency mode
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systemctl halt halts the system
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systemctl poweroff powers off the system
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systemctl reboot restarts the system
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systemctl suspend suspends the system
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systemctl hibernate hibernates the system
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systemctl hybrid-sleep hibernates and suspends the system
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loginctl list-sessions list current sessions
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loginctl session-status id show runtime status information
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loginctl show-session id show properties of one or more sessions
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loginctl activate id activate a session
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loginctl lock-session id activates the screen lock
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loginctl unlock-session id deactivates the screen lock
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loginctl terminate-session id terminates a session
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loginctl kill-session id send a signal to one or more processes of the session
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loginctl list-users list currently logged in users
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loginctl terminate-user user terminates all sessions of a user
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loginctl kill-user user send a signal to all processes of a user
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loginctl list-seats list currently available seats on the local system
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busctl list show all peers on the bus, by their service names
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busctl status service show process information and credentials of a bus service
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busctl monitor service dump messages being exchanged
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busctl capture service writes the output in pcap format
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busctl tree service shows an object tree of one or more services
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