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Mitral Stenosis
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Aortic Stenosis
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Mitral Regurgitation
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Aortic Regurgitation
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Mitral Prolapse
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Cardiac Glygosides
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Beta-Blockers
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Calcium Channel Blockers
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Anti-Coagulants
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Antibiotics
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Baloon Valvuloplasty: repair of cardiac valve; open heart; no long-term anti-coagulation therapy
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Direct or Open Commissurotomy: cut leaflets apart if fused together
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Mitral Annuloplasty: fix valve (e.g. regurgitation) so blood moving in the right direction
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Replacement Procedures
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Activity Intolerance (original intent is r/t cardiac issues (CV))
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Dec. CO
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Myocarditis
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Rheumatic Carditis
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Endocarditis
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Pericarditis
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Cardiomyopathy
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Myocarditis: inflammation of the heart muscle
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Usually also have pericarditis
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Symptoms: fever, tachycardic (out of proportion for fever), c/o HA, fatigue, flu-like symptoms
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HF w/ severe myocarditis
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Treatment: largely supportive, treat symptoms
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Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, pancarditis
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Associated w/ upper resp. Strep. infection
- 40% of people w/ Strep = rheumatic carditis |
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Most of damage done to endocardium - damages valves
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Assessment: tachypnea, cardiomegaly (CXR), murmurs, pericardial friction rub, prolonged PR interval
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Treatment: + Strep. = rheumatic heart disease treat infecton & control symptoms
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Infective Endocarditis: microbial infection of endocardium
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Common in IV drug abusers, valve replacement, DM, immunosuppressed, burns
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Vegetative lesions form
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Assessment: sunconjunctival hemorrhages, varying murmurs, conduction disorders, hematuria, Osler's nodes, petechial rash, cerebral emboli, Roth's spots in fundi, petechial hemorrhages on mucus membranes & fundi, poor dentition, splenomegaly, systemic emboli, digital clubbing, splinter hemorrheages, loss of (distal) pulses
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Treatment
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Usually caused by viruses (also bacteria, MI, radiation)
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Acute: fever, leukocytosis, ST segment change
Chronic: signs & symptoms of R-sided HF |
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Assessment: leaning on table (taking pressure off sac removes pain
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Treatment: NSAIDs (dec. inflammation), steroids (if NSAIDs don't work), antibiotics (if caused by bacteria)
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Heart muscle disease (usually unknown cause)
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Classified in 3 Categories:
- Dilated - Restrictive - Hypertrophic |
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Treatment:
- Medical: diuresis, digoxin - Surgical: ventricular septal myomectomy (remove septum = 1 ventricle), heart transplant (palliative treatment until then) |
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1967 in South Afica by Dr. Chrisitan Barnard
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Completed heart transplants
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Survival rates
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Cause of death
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Criteria
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Procedure
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Ventricular assist devices
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