|
Obligate Aerobe
|
Needs O2
-Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Bacillus |
|
Facultative
|
Grows with or without O2
-Staph, Strep, Enterobacteriaceae |
|
Microaerophilic
|
Only requires a small amount of O2
-Borrelia |
|
Obligate Anaerobe
|
Can't survive in O2
-C. diff |
|
Basic Reservoirs
|
|
-Abscesses
-Body Fluid -Mouth -Deep Wound -Intestine -UTI |
|
Examples of Infections/Diseases caused by Anaerobes
|
|
-Dental Infection
-C.diff -Deep wound -Gangrene -Necrotic Tissue -Botulism |
|
1. CDC BA colony plate with growth
|
|
|
2. Sub to regular BA and another CDC BA plate
|
|
|
3. See if they are anaerobes
|
If they grow on the regular BA and the CDC BA then they are not anaerobes
|
|
Basic Reservoirs
|
|
-Abscesses
-Body Fluid -Mouth -Deep Wound -Intestine -UTI |
|
Examples of Infections/Diseases caused by Anaerobes
|
|
-Dental Infection
-C.diff -Deep wound -Gangrene -Necrotic Tissue -Botulism |
|
Appropriate Specimens
|
Aspirates, body fluid, tissues, suprapubic asspiration, drainage, brain abscesses, sinus aspirates
|
|
Inappropriate (rejected) specimens
|
Swab of anything, anythying respiratory b/c of normal flora, vaginal b/c normal flora, urine, stool
|
|
Anaerobic Media - All have no oxygen
|
|
|
CDC Blood Agar
|
Blood Agar without O2
|
|
CCFA
|
Used for C. Diff. Both selective and differential
|
|
LKV agar
|
Laked blood and antibiotic. Has Vanco and Kanamycin, ONLY selective
|
|
Bacteroides Bile Esculin Agar
|
Special for Bacteroides fragilis. Selective and differential (20% bile tolerance)
|
|
Thioglycollate Broth
|
Broth media to grow bacteria. Can only grow medically significant organisms. Oxygen suppressed
|
|
Cooked Meat Glucose Broth
|
looks like has chunks of beef in it. Has glucose. Does same thing as thioglycollate broth
|
|
Incubation Environment
|
|
|
Gas Pack Jar
|
85% N; 10% H; 5% CO2
|
|
Anaerobic Chamber
|
|
|
Fusobacterium necrophorum
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum
|
|
|
Bile Tolerance (20%
|
-
|
-
|
|
Brick Red Fluorescence (UV)
|
-
|
-
|
|
Brown/black colonies on CDC
|
-
|
-
|
|
Vancomycin
|
R
|
R
|
|
Penicillin
|
R
|
R
|
|
Kanamycin
|
S
|
S
|
|
Lipase
|
+
|
-
|
|
Esculin
|
-
|
-
|
|
Bacteroides fragilis
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
Prevotella melaninogenica
|
|
|
Bile Tolerance (20% Bile)
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
|
Brick Red Fluorescence (UV light)
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
|
Brown/Black Colonies on CDC
|
-
|
+
|
+
|
|
Vancomycin
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
|
Penicillin
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
|
Kanamycin
|
R
|
R
|
R
|
|
Lipase
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Esculin
|
+
|
-
|
-
|
|
Catalase Positive
|
|
|
Cutibacterium (former Propionibacterium)
|
- Moderate Growth Rate
- Diphtheroid Gram Stain |
|
Catalase Negative
|
|
|
Actinomyces spp.
|
- Slow growth rate
- Filamentous, branching GPB |
|
Lactobacillus
|
- Rapid Growth Rate{{nl}- Looping, chaining GPB
- Resistant to Vancomycin |
|
Clostridium spp.
|
|
|
- Clostridium perfringens
|
- Lecithinase Positive
- cloudy around colony - Double zone beta hemolysis - Lipase negative - Boxcar shape - Gangrene |
|
- Clostridium sporogenes
|
- Common in soil
- Comes from stool samples - Lipase Positive - Smells like bad dirt |
|
- Clostridium difficile
|
- Should not be grown
- Do toxin testing and PCR - Test of cure - PCR can pick up dead DNA so it can be false positive - If pt has firm stool, no longer transmissable |
|
- Clostridium septicum
|
- Gangrene
- Spreading colony formation - Subterminal Spores |
|
- Clostridium tetani
|
- Cause of tetanus
- Club like - Tennis racket like |
|
- Clostridium tertium
|
- Aerotolerant
- Can grow in O2 |
|
Peptostreptococcus
|
Catalase Negative
|
|
Staphylococcus saccharolyticus
|
Catalase Variable
|
|
Veillonella spp.
|
Sometimes in blood cultures from endocarditis
|
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