Basic Linux commands you should know
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ls – directory listing
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ls -al – formatted listing with hidden files
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cd [directory] - change directory to directory
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pwd – Print Working Directory
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mkdir [directory] – create a directory named directory
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rm [file_name] – delete filename
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rm -r [directory] – delete directory recursively
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rm -f [file_name] – force remove file
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rm -rf [directory] – force remove directory directory recursively * Use with care
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cp [file1 file2] – copy file1 to file2
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mv [file1 file2] – rename or move file1 to file2
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ln -s [file_name link] – create symbolic link to file
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touch [file_name] – create or update file
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cat > [file_name] – places standard input into file
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more [file_name] – output the contents of file
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head [file_name] – output the first 10 lines of file
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tail [file_name] – output the last 10 lines of file
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tail -f [file_name] – output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines
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chmod [octal file_name] change the permissions of file to octal
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tar cf [file_name.tar files] – create a tar named file_name.tar containing files
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tar xf [file_name.tar] – extract the files from file_name.tar
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tar czf [file_name.tar.gz files] – create a tar file with Gzip compression
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tar xzf [file_name.tar.gz] – extract a tar using Gzip
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tar xjf [file_name.tar.bz2] – extract a tar using Bzip2
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gzip [file_name] – compresses file and renames it to file_name.gz
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gzip -d [file_name.gz] – decompresses file_name.gz back to file
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date – show the current date and time
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cal – show this month's calendar
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uptime – show current uptime
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w – display who is online
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whoami – who you are logged in as
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finger user – display information about user
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uname -a – show kernel information
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cat /proc/cpuinfo – cpu information
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cat /proc/meminfo – memory information
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man command – show the manual for command
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df – show disk usage
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du – show directory space usage
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free – show memory and swap usage
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whereis [application_name] – show possible locations of binary, source, and manual page files for a command
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which [application_name] – show which application will be run by default
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grep [pattern files] – search for pattern in files
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grep -r [pattern directory] – search recursively for pattern in directory
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[command] | grep [pattern] – search for pattern in the output of command
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locate [file_name] – find all instances of file
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ps – (Process Status) displays your currently active processes
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top – (Table of Processes) display all running processes
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kill [pid] – kill process id pid
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killall [process_name] – kill all processes named [process_name]
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bg – lists stopped or background jobs; resume background job
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fg – brings the most recent job to foreground
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fg [n] – brings job id to the foreground
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ping [host] – ping host and output results
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whois [domain] – get whois information for domain
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dig [domain] – get DNS information for domain
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dig -x [host] – reverse lookup host
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wget [file at URL] – download file from URL
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wget -c [file at URL] – continue a stopped download
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ssh [user@host] – connect to host as user
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ssh -p [port user@host] – connect to host on port port as user
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ssh-copy-id [user@host] – add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or login without password
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Ctrl+C – halts the current command
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Ctrl+Z – stops the current command; resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
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Ctrl+D – log out of current session, similar to exit
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Ctrl+W – erases one word in the current line
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Ctrl+U – erases the whole line
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Ctrl+R – type to bring up a recent command
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!! - repeats the last command
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exit – log out of current session
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