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MOA
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Mammalian cells lack dihydropteroate synthase and require exogenous sources of folate. Inhibiting synthesis of folic acid (folate), a compound required by all cells to make DNA, RNA, and proteins
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PK
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Absorbed from the stomach and small intestines, widely distributed to tissues and body fluids (CNS, CSF, placenta, fetus)
Excreted unchanged into the urine. Eliminated by glomerular filtration and breast milk. |
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AE
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Crystalluria, hypersensitivity, hematopoietic disturbances (hemolytic anemia), kernicterus
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CONTRA
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Pregnant women, children <2 mo old
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ORAL, NONABSORB
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SULFASALAZINE
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ORAL, ABSORBABLE
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||
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SHORT
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SULFACYTINE
|
|
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SULFISOXAZOLE
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Indications: UTI
|
|
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FULFAMETHIZOLE
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||
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INTERM
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SULFADIAZINE
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Indications: 1st line for acute toxoplasmosis
|
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SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
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Indications: UTI
|
|
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SULFAPYRIDINE
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||
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LONG
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SULFADOXINE
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Indication: 2nd line for malaria
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TOPICAL
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SODIUM SULFACETAMIDE
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MAFENIDE ACETATE
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SILVER SULFADIAZINE
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TMP/SMX
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Drug of choice for infections such as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, and occasionally other bacterial infections
|
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TRIMETHOPRIM
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UTI
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PYRIMETHAMINE
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Parasitic
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MOA
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Inhibit one or both of the 2 prokaryotic type II topoisomerases
|
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PK
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Well absorbed, widely distributed in body fluids and tissues
Excreted really |
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INDICATIONS
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Resistant respiratory infections, anthrax, gonorrhea, UTI and bacterial diarrhea caused by shigella, salmonella, toxigenic E coli, and campylobacter
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AE
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NVD, HA, dizziness, phototoxic, connective tissue problems
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BBW
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Tendinitis, tendon rupture
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CONTRA
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Avoid in pregos, nursing mothers, and children <18
|
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DDI
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THEOPHYLLINE, WARFARIN, CYCLOSPORINE
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NALIDIXIC ACID
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NORFLOXACIN
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OFLOXACIN
|
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CIPROFLOXACIN
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No longer recommended for gonococcal in the US
Indications: chlamydial urethritis, cervicitis |
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LEVOFLOXACIN
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No longer recommended for gonococcal in the US
Indications: chlamydial urethritis, cervicitis QD, long t1/2 |
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MOXIFLOXACIN
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Only one not effective in UTI's
QD, long t1/2 Contra: puts predisposed to arrhythmias or pts that are taking anti arrhythmic meds due to QT prolongation |
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MOA
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Metabolized to formaldehyde and ammonia in acidic pH. The formaldehyde is lethal to bacteria.
|
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INDICATION
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Urinary tract antiseptics/antimicrobials
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SIDE EFFECTS
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GI distress, may cause albuminuria, hematuria, and rashes at higher doses
|
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CONTRA
|
Pts with renal insufficiency
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