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Indications
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Respiratory, UTI, skin/bone infections, septicemia, gonorrhea, bacterial meningitis
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AE
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Hypersensitivity, NVD, pain at IM injection site
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CEPHALEXIN
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CEFAZOLIN
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Only 1st gen parenteral still used
Long T½ Surgical prophylaxis, UTI, SSTI |
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CEFUROXIME
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CEFOXITIN
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CEFOTETAN
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AE: hypoprothrominemia, disulfiram-like rxns with ethanol
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CEFONICID
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CEFAMANDOLE
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AE: hypoprothrominemia, disulfiram-like rxns with ethanol
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CEFIXIME
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Useful activity against B. fragilis
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CEFDINIR
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Useful activity against B. fragilis
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CEFTAZIDIME
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CEFOXATIME
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CEFTRIAXONE
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Penetrate CNS and used to treat meningitis caused by gram-negative rods except L. monocytogenes
Indication: Useful activity genital, anal, and pharyngeal penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae |
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CEFOTAXIME
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Penetrate CNS and used to treat meningitis caused by gram-negative rods except L. monocytogenes
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CEFOPERAZONE
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AE: hypoprothrominemia, disulfiram-like rxns with ethanol
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CEFIPIME
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Only one in the US, penetrates CNS
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CEFTAROLINE
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CEFTOBIPROLE
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metabolized in plasma, majority excreted in urine
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DORIPENEM
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IMIPINEM-CILASTIN
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Inactivated by dehydropeptidases in renal tubes
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MEROPENEM
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Greater activity against gram negative aerobes and less activity against gram positives compared to imipenem
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ERTAPENEM
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AZTREONAM
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Indications: pts allergic to penicillins and/or cephalosporins to treat pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, penetrates CNS
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MOA
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Inhibits cell wall formation by interference with the dephosphorylation of the C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule that carries the building-blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall
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Indications
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Highly nephrotoxic when administered systemically and is thus used topically for gram positive cocci and bacilli skin infections
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MOA
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Structural analog of D-alanine and inhibits the incorporation of D-alanine into peptidoglycan pentapeptide chain
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Indications
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Treats tuberculosis
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Toxicity
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Serious dose-related CNS toxicity
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VANCOMYCIN
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Resistance in enterococci develops due to modification in binding site (D-ala-D-ala D-lactate) and increased numbers of D-ala-D-ala residues (S. aureus)
Effective against gram positive producing lactamases and those resistant to nafcillin and methacillin (MRSA, MRSE) or allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin Indications: infections caused by MRSA (sepsis, endocarditis), penicillin-resistant enterococci, individuals with prosthetic heart valve, oral administration of antibiotic induced colitis due to C. diff SE: fever, chills, phlebitis |
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VANCO + GENT
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Use: enterococcal endocarditis (penicillin allergy)
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VANCO + CEFTRIAXONE
VANCO + CEFOTAXIME VANCO + RIFAMPIN |
Use: meningitis (penicillin-resistant strain of pneuomococcus
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TELAVANCIN
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Two mechanisms of action; first is the same as vancomycin and the second is it disrupts the bacterial cell membrane potential and increases membrane permeability
t1/2 is 8 hours allowing for daily dosing Teratogenic |
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DAPTOMYCIN
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Long half life of 6-11 days allows for weekly dosing
Methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium jeikeium, E. faecalis and E. faecium (including VRE) Indications: skin infections and bacteremia caused by S. aureus AE: constipation, nausea, HA, insomnia |
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FOSFOMYCIN
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MOA: inhibits UDP-N acetylglucosamine 3-Enolpyruvte transferase
Indications: UTI |
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