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str.split(sep)
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Splits a string by the separator and returns a list of strings
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"1,3,4,5".split(',') --> ["1", "2", "3"]
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str.strip()
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Removes leading and trailing whitespace
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" hello ".strip() --> "hello"
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str.replace(old, new)
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Replaces all old with new in the string
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"Hello Moon".replace("Moon", "World") --> "Hello World"
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str.join(iterable)
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concatenates a list of strings.
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", ".join(["1", "2", "3"]) --> "1, 2, 3"
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str.startswith(string)
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Returns True if str starts with string
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"Hello".startswith("Hel") --> True
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str.endswith(string)
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Returns True if str endswith string
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"Hello".endswith("o") --> True
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str.lower()
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Returns a string with all characters in lowercase
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"ALLCAPS".lower() --> "allcaps"
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str.upper()
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Returns a string with all characters in uppercase
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"loud noises".upper() --> "LOUD NOISES"
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str.find(char)
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Returns the first index in the string where char is found, otherwise returns -1.
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"abracadbra".find("d") --> 6
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str.count(char)
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Returns an integer of the number of occurances of char in str.
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"abracadbra".count("a") --> 4
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str.format(*args, **kwargs)
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Formats a string according to your specifiers
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"The {} costs {} dollars.".format("movie", 10) --> "The movie costs 10 dollars."
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list.append(element)
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Appends an element to a list
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my_list.append(4) --> [1, 2, 3, 4]
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list.extend(sequence)
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Extends a list by adding another list to the end
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my_list.extend([4,5,6]) --> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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list.pop(index)
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Removes and returns an element in a list by index.
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my_list.pop(1) --> 2
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list.count(element)
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Counts the occurences of element in the list
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my_list.count(3) --> 1
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list.index(element)
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Returns the index of the element in the list
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my_list.index(3) --> 2
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list.clear()
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Empties out a list
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my_list.clear() --> []
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list.remove(element)
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Removes an element from a list
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my_list.remove(1) --> [2, 3]
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list.sort()
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sorts a list
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my_list.sort(reverse=True) --> [3, 2, 1]
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dict.copy()
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Returns a shallow copy of the dictionary
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copied = d.copy()
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dict.values()
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Returns a dictionary view of all the values
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d.values() --> dict_view([1, 2, 3])
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dict.items()
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||
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dict.keys()
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Returns a dictionary view of all the keys
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d.keys() --> dict_view(['b', 'a', 'c'])
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dict.get(key, default=None)
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Attempts to return the value of the key specified, otherwise it returns the default
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d.get("X", "not valid") --> "not valid"
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dict.pop(key, default)
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Pops a key. Returns a key error if default is not specified and the key dne.
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d.pop('a') --> 1
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dict.popitem()
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Pops a random key value pair from the dictionary
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d.popitem() --> ("b", 2)
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dict.update(iterable_pair)
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Updates the dictionary when given a iterable pairing.
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d.update({"z": 4}) --> {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
d.update([('x', 3)]) --> {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "x": 3} |
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f.close()
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Closes an open file
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f.close()
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f.read(n)
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reads up to n characters in the file, otherwise the entire file if n is not specified.
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f.read() --> "Hello World\n"
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f.readlines()
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Returns a list of strings. Each line in the file is put in a list
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f.readlines() --> ["Hello World\n", "Goodbye World\n"]
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f.write(content)
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Writes the content to the file
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f.write("Hello World")
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f.writelines(iterable)
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Writes a list of lines to the file
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f.writelines(["hello world", "goodbye world"])
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f.seek(offset, from)
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Moves the current position of the file
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f.seek(5) --> Move five characters ahead
f.seek(-5, 0) --> Start at the first character and move back 5. |
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f.tell()
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Returns the current position in the file, by counted characters
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f.tell() --> 13
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open(file_path, 'mode')
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opens a file at the given file path
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returns the raw, unread file.
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s.isdisjoint(other)
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Returns True if s and other do not share any elements.
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s.isdisjoint({7, 9}) --> True
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s.issubset(other)
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Returns True if all elements of s is in other.
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s.issubset({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}) --> True
s <= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} --> True |
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s.issuperset(other)
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Return True if all elements other is in s.
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s.issuperset({1, 4}) --> True
s >= {1, 4} --> True |
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s.union(other)
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Combines all unique elements
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s.union({2, 3, 7}) --> {1, 2, 3, 4, 7}
s | {2, 3, 7} --> {1, 2, 3, 4, 7} |
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s.intersection(other)
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Set of elements common to both sets
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s.intersection({1, 3, 5, 7}) --> {1, 3}
s & {1, 3, 5} --> {1, 3} |
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s.difference(other)
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Returns any elements that exists in s, but not in other.
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s.difference({2, 3, 7}) --> {1, 4}
s - {2, 3, 7} --> {1, 4} |
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s.symmetric_difference(other)
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Returns all the elements that are not shared between the sets
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s.symmetric_difference({2, 9}) --> {1, 3, 4, 9}
s ^ {2, 9} --> {1, 3, 4, 9} |
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s.copy()
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Returns a shallow copy of the set.
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s.copy() --> {1, 2, 3, 4}
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