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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Nucleotides->Nucleic acids
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a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base
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Nucleotides are joint by phosphodiester bonds, phosphate group connect to the 3' C of one sugar, and the 5' C of the next sugar
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Backbone made up of alternating pentose and phosphates
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Nucleic acid strand has a polarity: a 5' end and a 3' end
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amount of A = amount of T, G = C
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right-handed double-stranded helix, uniform diameter
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antiparallel: two strands run in opposite directions
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5' phosphate group and 3' hydroxyl group
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complementary base pairing (A-T;C-G)
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B-DNA consists of an double helix with approximately 10 bases per turn.
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Found in nucleus (and mitochondria)
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Coded instructions for making proteins
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Weak bonds between bases(hydrogen bond)
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Negatively charged
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Relatively stable
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Inheritable
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Fatty acids-> Fats,Lipids,Membranes
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Lipids are a broad group of compounds from biological origin that can dissolve in nonpolar solvents, such as chloroform and diethyl ether
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Oily, greasy, waxy substances. Not water soluble. Extracted from organisms by organic solvents.
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Even though they are different in structure (diff. types- fats,waxes,sterols,fat-soluble vitamins A D E K), they share some same properties
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Functions:
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Cell membrane
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Energy storage
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Thermal insulation
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Buoyancy
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Lipids in our body
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Phospholipids
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Free fatty acid
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Triglyceride
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Cholesterol ester
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Glycogen in animals
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glycogen used for short-term energy storage, they converted to glucose when energy is required.
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Starch in plants
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Lipids have more energy content per unit mass of carbohydrates
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Lipids used for long-term energy storage
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Triglycerides(甘油三酯) converted to fatty acids and glycerol → energy
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Triglycerides are broken down to yield acetyl CoA.
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