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Energy
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- for cellular activities
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Produce ATP
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- to support energy creating chemical reactions
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Remove CO2
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- to prevent dangerous PH fluctuations resulting from of reactions
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Homeostatis
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- by exchanging O2 and CO2 with the atmosphere and blood
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Alveoli
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- small thin-walled sacs where gas exchange occurs
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Bronchi
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- two main branches stemming from the trachea
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Bronchioles
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- small branches stemming from the bronchi
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Larynx
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- voice box at the entrance to the trachea
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Lungs
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- organs consisting of the lower portion of the respiratory airways, the pulmonary circulation, and connective tissue
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Nasal Passages
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- the nose
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Respiratory Airways
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- tubes that move air between the atmosphere and the alveoli
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Respiratory System
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- system responsible for breathing in & out
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Pharynx
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- passageway to the lungs and the stomach
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Pleura
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- produce fluid that lubricates the lung to prevent friction when breathing
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Pleural Cavity
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- the space between the pleural sacs
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Pleural Sacs
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- thin, fluid-filled, membranes that enclose the lungs
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Trachea
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- tube through which air is conducted to the lungs
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Ventilation
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- the exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli
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1. Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere and air sacs in the lungs
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2. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
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3. Transport of O2 and CO2 by the blood between the lungs and tissues
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4. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells
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This then leads into Cellular Respiration
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1. Atmospheric Pressure
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2. Intra-alveolar Pressure
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3. Intrapleular Pressure
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4. Transmural Pressure Gradient
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Is a mixture of phospholipids and proteins
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Is secreted by type II alveolar cells
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Diaphragm contracts making the thoracic cavity taller
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External intercostal muscles contract lifting the ribcage and widening the thoracic cavity
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In Passive Expiration the inspiratory muscles relax and the ribs, sternum, and diaphragm return to resting
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In Active Expiration the abdominal muscles contract, causing the diaphragm to push upward, shortening the thoracic cavity. Internal intercostal muscles flattens the ribs and sternum further shortening the cavity.
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