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The population of England was 2.2 million and most people made money from farming
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Henry VII did not have an active economic policy for the country (only for the crown)
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Most money is made from pastoral farming
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Change: during Henry VII's reign 90% of exports were of cloth and cloth exports increased by 60% during his reign
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Change: Weaving, fulling and dyeing all developed which created more rural employment
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The Merchant Adventurers transported a lot of cloth from London
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During Henry VII's reign a commercial axis with Antwerp was developed which was Europe's main money market and the goods were then transported across Europe
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The Hanseatic League dominated trade in Northern Europe and the Merchant Adventurers were not able to overcome their trading privileges
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This said that English merchants could export to any part of the Duke of Burgundy's lands apart from Flanders
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It also said that merchants would be granted swift and fair justice
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It also said that effective arrangements would be put in place for the resolution of disputes
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Philip of Burgundy confirmed it in 1499
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Growth of the bourgeoisie
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Increased social mobility due to economic pressures especially since the Black Death
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They were often great landowners
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Curates and chantry priests were rewarded well for dealing with the spiritual needs of the people
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Bishops and Abbots could sit in the House of Lords
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Change: the higher clergy were becoming less socially exclusive
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Martin V declared that the King governed the Church in England and so Henry appointed bishops with legal training
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Society was not as firmly hierarchical as France or Spain but the great landowners and senior churchmen were still just below the king
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King: Church
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Archbishops
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Bishops
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Clergymen
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King: Nobility
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Gentry
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Yeomen
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Citizens (including the bourgeoisie)
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Labourers
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Vagrants
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Way of maintaining social control
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Catered for the spiritual needs of the people
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Played an important political role in domestic and international affairs
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Provided opportunities for employment and social advancement (senior churchmen had great political power)
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All English people belonged to the Catholic Church and were under the spiritual leadership of the Pope although Martin V declared that Henry VII was head of the church in England.
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Religion was an important part of daily life and central to the community.
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The year was based around religious festivals and baptism, marriage and death
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The threat of hell and purgatory greatly influenced people and you could acquire grace by observing the seven sacraments and going on pilgrimage.
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The Church brought people together and Laymen would create a confraternity in order to provide for Masses or funeral costs of members, help maintain the church, to donate to charity and to socialise. As a parish, they would take part in the practice of 'beating the bounds' on Rogation Sunday to try and protect the parish.
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People would donate to rebuild churches and leave money to the parish church in their wills as well as leaving money for the foundation of chantries
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Change: individual religious experience became even more important in the 15th century with the writing of mystics
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Monastic orders:
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Friars:
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Nunneries:
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1% of adult males were monks
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Dominicans, Franciscans and Augustinians
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Often enjoyed less prestige than monasteries
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There were 900 monasteries
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Worked among lay people
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Often relatively poor
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Some operated cathedrals
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Declining in importance by the late 15th century
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Followed the teachings of John Wycliffe
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Thought it was important to understand the Bible and wanted it to be translated into English
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Sceptical about transubstantiation
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Viewed the Catholic Church as corrupt
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By the late 15th century, Lollardy was in decline
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