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Motion
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distance from another object changes, change in position
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Reference point
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place or object used for comparison
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Speed
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the time it takes something to move a distance
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Velocity
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speed and direction
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Vector quantity
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size/magnitude and direction
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Scalar quantity
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size/magnitude
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Constant speed
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a speed that stays the same through the distance
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Instantaneous speed
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speed at any instant
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Distance
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the length of all parts/between two points
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Displacement
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the distance from start to end, the overall change in position and a direction
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Acceleration
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the rate at which velocity changes
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Equilibrium
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all the forces of an object balance out
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Inertia
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the property of an object that it resists to change in motion
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Mass
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amount of matter in an object
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Momentum
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mass in motion
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Force
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-a push or a pull
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-results in two or more objects interacting with each other
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-all forces have magnitude and direction
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-measured in Newtons (N)
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Acceleration
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-increase speed: speed up
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-decrease speed: slow down, deceleration
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-change direction
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Speed (distance-time) graphs
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-point on graph= location of an object from 0 at a particular time
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-straight slope=constant speed
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-steeper slope=faster
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-horizontal line=no movement
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-curved line=acceleration
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Velocity-time graphs
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-point on graph=speed of object at a particular time
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-straight line=constant acceleration
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-steeper slope=greater acceleration
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-horizontal line=constant speed
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Speed
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distance / time
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Distance
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speed x time
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Time
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distance / speed
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Average speed
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total distance / total time
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Acceleration
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final velocity - initial velocity/time
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Mass
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force / acceleration
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Force
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mass x acceleration
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Acceleration
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force / mass
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Momentum
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mass x velocity
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Law 1
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An object at rest will stay rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion until a force acts on it.
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Law 2
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Force causes acceleration, while mass resists acceleration.
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Law 3
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Any action has an equal and opposite reaction.
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Contact forces
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a force exerted by physically touching
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Applied force
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a force applied by a person/object to change another object's motion
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Normal force
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a force exerted by a surface on an object resting on it
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Friction
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one surface exerts another when in contact, acts in opposite direction to the object's motion
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Non-contact force
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a force that acts without physically touching
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Gravity
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a natural force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth
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Magnetism
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materials with magnetic fields that attract/repel other objects
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Electrical force
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the force of two charged objects attracting/repelling each other
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Centripetal force
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force that keeps objects moving in a circular path, "center-seeking"
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Centrifugal force
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perception of being pushed outward, "false force"
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