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Industrialism
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a system marked by the building of factories and manufacturing, and employment in factories instead of in agricultural industries
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Textiles
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cloth, fabric, woven by machine
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Urbanization
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the process of an area becoming more urban and cities grow
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Capital
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money used to invest in businesses
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Assembly line
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production method that breaks down a job into separate tasks where one worker will do the same task over and over again
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Socialism
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an economic system where most businesses are public, government provides benefits to the poor, less economic inequality
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Capitalism
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an economic system where individuals own their businesses, free-market, little to no government intervention
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Communism
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a political/economic system where the government controls production and how products are distributed, equal wealth between citizens
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Karl Marx
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founder of communism, German revolutionary, wrote "Communist Manifesto" in 1848 with Freidrich Engels
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Adam Smith
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founder of capitalism, wrote "Wealth of Nations" which promoted division of labor and free trade
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Industrial Revolution
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the period from the mid-1700s to mid-1800s of rapid technological advancements, but marked by poor working conditions and low pay
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Imperialism
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the practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country/territory
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White Man's Burden
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a poem written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899, said that it was a white man's responsibility to invade "uncivilized" Asian + African countries and teach them European culture
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Social Darwinism
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the belief that Europeans were superior by natural selection and they were better-fitted to survive
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Sepoy Rebellion
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in 1857, sepoys rebel against British soldiers and refuse British cartridges as a revolt against the British East India Company in control of India at the time
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Opium War
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a war that resulted in China being forced to open their ports, caused by the illegal opium smuggling to people addicted in China from British India
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Meiji Restoration
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overthrew shogun and gave power to emperor, modernizes Japan and introduces a new government like Germany's
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Dollar diplomacy
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the use of diplomacy by the USA to promote themselves as good trade partners by guaranteeing loans to important foreign countries
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Nationalism
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pride in and loyalty to one's nation or ethnic group
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Causes
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Changes in farming - better farming methods lead to more crops with less labor, so less farm jobs, so a growing workforce for factories in the city
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Britain's resources and demand - large workforce, raw materials, and a growing demand for manufactured goods
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New inventions- spinning jenny, steam engine, Bessember furnace
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Events
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Child labour - children worked in coal mines, cotton mills, etc. in dangerous conditions and for low pay
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Invention of steam power - the introduction of steam power led to new developments in transportation, communication, and production
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Results
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More factories - long, tiring work for former farmworkers in factories
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Economic changes - new economic system called capitalism is developed, individuals own their own business and resources
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Improvements for the people - new inventions and tech, better wages, and developed industrial societies
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Events
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Political unrest - countries start wars to prove their superiority
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Gain independence - nations start to fight for independence, form separate countries, etc. Italy in 1871, Germany in 1870
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Results
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Independent countries
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International rivalries
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Causes
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Social Darwinism - the belief that Europeans were superior by natural selection, that they were chosen as the best to survive
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White Man's Burden - a poem by Rudyard Kipling, described that a white man had a responsibility to teach "uncivilized" Africans and Asians European culture
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Events
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Berlin Conference - 1884
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"Scramble for Africa" , European countries lay claim to most African countries, Liberia and Ethiopia stay independent
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Meiji Restoration
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overthrew shogun, samurai groups returned power to emperor because of disagreements about opening up trading ports, introduced a new government
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Dollar diplomacy
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the USA's method of guaranteeing foreign countries loans as a way to promote themselves as good economic partners
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People
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Matthew C. Perry
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sent to Japan to open their ports from America in 1853, forced Japan to start trading with western countries by show of military force
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
