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- good solvent
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- cohesion & adhesion
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- lower density as a solid
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- high specific heat
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- high vaporization rate
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H2O resists heat changes in temperature
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- High specific heat
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- Must add lots of heat to increase temperature
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- Likewise must lose lots of heat to cool
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H2O moderates earths temperature
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Water "Disassociates" meaning that...
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+H = -O means water is neutral
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+H > -O means water is acidic
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+H < -O means water is basic
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Most substances become denser when solid BUT NOT WATER!
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- Ice floats; Hydrogen bonds create a lattice like structure in ice and becomes less dense than liquid water
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- The lattice frame puts space between molecules
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* Oceans and lakes don't freeze solid
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- Surface ice insulates water below
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- This allows life to survive the winter
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* If ice sank the lakes would freeze, fish would die in the winter and only the top layer of water would thaw.
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Buffers: Something that keeps the pH the same or resists change
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* pH effects shape and function of enzyme molecules
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* pH can be stabilized with buffers. Ex: a reservoir of +H can donate more +H or absorb +H
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* Measures the concentration of +H ions
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* Measures acidic or basic (0-14)
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* Each pH unit = ten-fold change in H+ ions ex: Moving from pH 1 (10 -1) to pH 2 (10 -2) = ten fewer +H ions
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Cohesion; sticking together and to itself
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Adhesion; sticking to something else
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- caused by the polar molecules
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- attraction of water between other molecules
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- causes surface tension
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- Capilary Action; water "climbs" up a cotton paper towel
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- water likes/ climbs glucose and glass
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- polarity makes H2O a good solvent
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- Polar H2O molecules surround + and - ions along with polar molecules (ex: carbohydrates & protiens)
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What dissolves in water?
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What doesn't dissolve in water?
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* Hydrophilic or "water loving" substances
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* Hydrophobic or "water fearing" substances
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*They are attracted to water and are often polar
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*They are not attracted to water and are often non polar
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
