all the formulas needed for paper 2 in the 2022 advanced information
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profit budget
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income budget - expenditure budget
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break-even
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fixed cost/contribution per unit
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contribution per unit
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selling price - variable cost per unit
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margin of safety
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planned output - break-even output
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profit
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(contribution per unit x quantity produced) - fixed costs
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gross profit
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revenue - cost of sales
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operating profit
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gross profit - operating costs
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net profit
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operating profit + profit from other activities - net finance costs - tax
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gross profit margin
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(gross profit/revenue) x100
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operating profit margin
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(operating profit/revenue) x100
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net profit margin
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(net profit/revenue) x100
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current ratio
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current assets/current liabilities
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acid test ratio
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(current assets – inventory)/current liabilities
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capacity utilisation
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(actual output/maximum possible output) x100
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gearing ratio
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(non-current liabilities/capital employed) x100
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return on capital employed
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(operating profit/capital employed) x100
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capital employed
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total equity + non-current liabilities
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