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Polar
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Non-Polar
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made with two or more non-metals
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no electrical poles
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one end has a positive charge, the other has a negative.
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electrons divided more equally
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has electrical poles
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charges cancel out
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soluble in water
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not soluble in water, but maybe like oil
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Ionic
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Covalent
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electrons not shared equally
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electrons shared equally
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high melting point
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low melting point
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between one metal and one non-metal
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between two non-metals
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London Dispersion
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weakest intermolecular force.temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
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Dipole-Dipole
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occurs between two polar molecules. slightly stronger than london dispersion. slightly positive attracts to slightly negative end. a good example is hydrochloride (HCl)
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Ion-Dipole
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attraction between an ion and a neutral molecule that has a dipole. most commonly found in solutions.ion with non-polar molecule.weaker than covalent or ionic bonds. polar water and sodium ion.
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Looking at Lewis Structure
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if bonds are symetrical, it is non-polar. if it is asymmetrical it is polar.
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Always Soluble
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Exceptions
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Insoluble
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Nitrates
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"PMS"
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silver salts
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Acetates (C2,H3,O2-)
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P>Pb2 (lead)
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hydroxide salts (slightly)
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Group 1 (Li+, Na+, etc)
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M>Mercury (Hg2)
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hydroxide salts of transition metals
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Sulfates
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S>Silver (Ag)
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sulfides of transition metals
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Ammonium (NH4+)
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carbonates
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Group 17 (F-,Cl-,Br-)
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chromates
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phosphates and fluorides
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
