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Communication
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the process of creating meaning through symbolic interaction
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Symbols
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represent people, things, ideas, and events
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Linear communication
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Sender encodes a message that is conveyed to a receiver, who decodes it
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noise
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any force that interferes with the accurate reception of the message (external, physiological, psychological)
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Channel
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method a message is conveyed between people
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Media
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intervening mechanisms
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environments
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fields of experience that influence how they interpret others' behavior
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Transactional communication
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people send a receive messages simultaneously
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feedback
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communicator's response to another's message
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Intrapersonal communication
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communicating with oneself (inner voice)
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dyadic communication/interpersonal communication
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two people interacting (in person or through mediated channels)
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Small group communication
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each person can participate actively with other members
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organized communication
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larger collections of people work collectively to achieve goals
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Public communication
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Unequal amount of speaking among the members
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Mass communication
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messages transmitted to large, widespread audiences (via electronic or print media)
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communication competence
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achieving one's goals in a manner that, ideally, maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs
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Cognitive complexity
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ability to understand issues from a variety of perspectives
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self monitoring
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paying close attention to one's own behavior and using these observations to make effective choices.
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Self concept
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a set of largely stable perceptions individuals have of themselves
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self esteem
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evaluation of self worth
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personality
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characteristic ways you think and behave across a variety of situations
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reflected appraisal
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the influence of others on one's self concept
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social comparison
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evaluating yourself in comparison to others
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self fulfilling prophecy
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occurs when a person's expectation of an outcome and subsequent behavior makes the outcome more likely to occur
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Perception
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the way people regard others and the world around them
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selection
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paying attention to some stimuli while ignoring others
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organization
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arranging information to make meaning of it
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Interpretation
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making the information make sense
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stereotypes
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oversimplified or inaccurate ideas tied to social categorization
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sex
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biological category
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gender
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a socially constructed set of expectations
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gender matrix
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recognizes gender as a multidimensional collection of qualities
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implicit bias
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unconsciously held associations about a social group
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narratives
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stories people create to make sense of the world
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attribution
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the process of attaching meaning to behavior
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Self serving bias
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When others suffer- blame their personal qualities. When we suffer-find explanations outside of ourselves
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Negativity bias
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focus more on negative impressions than on positive ones
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Horns effect
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perceiving others in an unfairly negative light on the basis of a single negative trait or experience
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Empathy
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the ability to imagine another person's perspective
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Sympathy
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compassion for another's predicament
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Perception checking
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structure way to boost understanding and empathy and minimize defensiveness and show respect
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Emotional intelligence
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the ability to understand and manage your own emotions and deal effectively with the emotions of others
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Identity management
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communication strategies meant to influence how others view us
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perceved self
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reflection of self concept (not public self)
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Presenting self
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public image- way you want to appear to others
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face
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presenting self
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facework
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verbal and nonverbal ways people maintain their own presenting image and image of others
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frame stitching
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adopting different perspectives based on the cultures and situations in which you find yourself
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scripts
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habitual behaviors people have developed overtime
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high self monitors
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pay close attention to their own behavior and to others' reactions, adjusting thei communication to create the desired impression
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low self monitors
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express what they are thinking and feeling without much attention to the impression their behavior creates
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Jargon
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Specialized vocabulary that functions as a linguistic shorthand for ppl with common backgrounds
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Euphemism
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a mild or indirect term substituted for a more direct but potentially less pleasant one
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Overly Abstract language
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speech that refers to events or objects only vaguely
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Behavioral descriptions
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1. Who is involved 2. in what circumstances does the behavior occur 3. What behaviors are involved
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
