How to perform a respiratory assessment and the break down of possible assessment findings.
|
Apnea
|
Absence of breathing
|
|
Biot’s
|
Irregular respirations of variable depth alternating with period of apnea
|
|
Bradypnea
|
Slow respirations (fewer than 10/min)
|
|
Cheyne-Stokes
|
Gradual increase in depth, followed by a gradual decrease in depth, than a period of apnea
|
|
Dyspnea
|
Labored breathing, shortness of breath (SOB)
|
|
Hyperventilation
|
Overexpansion of the lungs characterized by rapid and deep breaths
|
|
Hypoventilation
|
Under-expansion of the lungs characterized by shallow slow respirations
|
|
Kussmaul’s
|
Regular, increased rate and depth
|
|
Orthopnea
|
Dyspnea, SOB caused when lying flat
|
|
Sleep apnea
|
Temporary cessation of respiration while sleeping
|
|
Tachypnea
|
Fast, shallow breathing (more than 24/min)
|
|
Crackles/Rales
|
Wheezes
|
Rhonchi
|
Stridor
|
Pleural friction rub
|
Diminished
|
|
High pitched popping sounds or low pitched bubbling sounds
|
High-pitched, whistling, musical sound from air passing through narrowed airways
|
Low pitched, continuous gurgling sounds during inspiration or expiration, usually clear with cough
|
Intense, high-pitched, and continuous
|
High pitched grating or rubbing sound
|
Difficult to hear
|
|
Caused by the sudden opening of small airways and alveoli collapsed by fluid, exudate, pneumonia, atelectasis, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, or pulmonary edema
|
Asthma, COPD
|
Almost always caused by increased secretions in large airways
|
Caused by airway obstruction (foreign body, inflammation)
|
Occurs when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together during respiration
|
Pneumonia, heart failure, pleural effusion, shallow breathing
|
|
Patient demographics
|
|
Health history
|
|
Respiratory history
|
|
Cardiovascular history
|
|
Environmental history
|
|
Lifestyle
|
|
Inspect
|
Respiratory pattern, signs of distress?, chest structures & movement, skin and mucous membrane color, edema?, sputum? —characteristics
|
|
Palpate
|
Pulses, skin temp, heart pulsations through the chest wall, areas of tenderness?
|
|
Percuss
|
Areas of consolidation or excess air pockets?
|
|
Auscultate
|
Breath sounds, heart sounds, vascular sounds
|
|
Depth
|
Deep, shallow
|
|
Rhythm
|
Regular, irregular
|
|
Effort
|
Unlabored, labored
|
|
Expansion
|
Symmetrical, asymmetrical
|
|
Cough
|
Productive, nonproductive, absent
|
|
Lung sounds
|
Clear, adventitious, diminished, absent
|
No comments yet.
Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
