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XX - Female
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XY - Male
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Embryos identical until 7 weeks, sex is determined after that point when hormones are are present or absent.
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Y chromosome carries 'testis-determining factor', (TDF), which triggers male sex hormones called androgens.
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Androgens stimulates production of male sex organs in fetus.
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Testes develop first in abdominal cavity, then descend toward scrotum and finish at birth.
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Menstrual cycle regulates hormones and releases an ovum at optimal time.
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Cycle lasts about 28 days and includes two events, ovarian cycle and uterine cycle.
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1. Follicle (small bag) develops
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2. Ovum released
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3. Corpus Luteum (yellow body) left behind
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4. Corpus Luteum produces progesterone
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5. Corpus Luteum disintegrates and produces a corpus albicans.
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On a diagram, yellow round bodies appear, and as the cycle progresses they get smaller. Corpus albicans is the smallest.
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Maintains the corpus luteum.
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Remains at high levels for two months then decreases by four months.
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Corpus luteum is maintained for the duration of the pregnancy.
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Placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone for the remainder of pregnancy.
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Luteinizing hormone
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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Target: Leydig cell, interstitial cell
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Target: Sertoli Cells
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Effect: Testosterone (secondary sex characteristics, suppert spermatgenesis)
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Effect: Spermatogensis
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*Effect: Inhibin (inhibits FSH production)
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