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no of legs
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4 (2 pairs)
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skin type
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thin and moist
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Temp. Regulation
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ectothermic (body temp depends on external sources such as sunlight)
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Heart chambers
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3 ( 2 atria, 1 ventricle )
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Excretion
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kidneys; ammonia and urea are formed in the liver
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Cloaca
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a chamber that collects fecal matter, urine, and gametes
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Respiration (larvae)
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gills
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Respiration (adults)
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skin
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Nervous system
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Complex
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Nictitating membrane
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a membrane that is drawn over the eye to prevents dryness or when swimming
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Reproduction
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sexual, and external fertilization
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Anura
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no tail, live close to water (frogs and toads)
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Caudata
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have long bodies, a neck, and a tail (salamanders and newts)
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Gymnophiona
|
limbless worm like organisms (caecilia)
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|
difference between frogs and toads
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toads are poisionous
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|
number of groups
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27
|
|
|
Passeriformes
|
3 forward toes, 1 backward
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crows and quails
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|
sphenisciformes
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paddle like wings for swimming
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penguins
|
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struthioniforms
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flightless with small wings
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ostritch and emu
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Anseriformes
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webbed feet
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ducks and geese
|
|
Vertebral Coloumn
|
replaces the notochord, and protects the spinal cord. Is flexible and strong
|
|
Neural Crest
|
a group of temporary cells that arise in embryological development, and give rise to important cell types
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Daggerlike
|
snowy eagrets
|
|
Needlelike
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hummingbirds
|
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Curved
|
falcon
|
|
Pouchlike
|
pelican
|
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Temp regulation
|
endotherms
|
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teeth
|
absent
|
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heart chambers
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4
|
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respiration
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Air sacs
|
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Digestive system
|
esophagus - crop - stomach - gizzard - intestines
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|
Flight Adaptations
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feathers - no bladder - high temp - light skeleton - large chest muscles
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|
Feathers
|
made of keratin
|
|
Contour feathers
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used for flight
|
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Down feathers
|
provide insulation
|
|
Reproduction
|
sexual, internal; they incubate their eggs for optimal conditions
|
|
Cetacea
|
dolphins, whales
|
|
perissodactyla
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(odd numbered toes) zebras, horses
|
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Aritodactyla
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(even number of toes) cows, gazelles
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Chiroptera
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(flying mammals) Bats
|
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Sirenia
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(slow moving) eared seals, duogongs
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Xenartha
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armadillos, sloths
|
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Lagomorpha
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rabbits
|
|
Skin Type
|
dry scaly skin
|
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Respiration
|
Lungs
|
|
Heart Chambers
|
typically 3, crocodile has 4
|
|
Temp regulation
|
ectothermic
|
|
Excretion
|
kidneys; filtrate then collects in the cloaca, and is released as uric acid
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Smell
|
snakes extend their tongue to smell
|
|
Jacobson's Organ
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a sac-like structure in the roof of the mouth that allows snakes to detect odor
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Hearing
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tympanic membrane - jawbones detect vibrations
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Reproduction
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sexual and internal;
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egg type
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amniotic eggs
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snakes and lizards allow eggs to develop within their bodies before laying them
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|
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Hair
|
made of keratin
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Mammary Glands
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produce Milk
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Metabolic Rate
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high, to maintain constant body temp
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Digestion
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teeth and a specialized digestive system
|
|
Respiration
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Lungs - Diaphragm (membrane under lungs)
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|
Heart Chambers
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4
|
|
Body temp
|
endothermic
|
|
overcome increase in temp by
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sweating - panting
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Reproduction
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internal, occurs in uterus that also encloses the placenta
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Brain
|
highly complex; Cerebral cortex is the most complex part, and the larger the organism, the larger the cerebral cortex
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Squamata
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lizards - snakes
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Crocodilia
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alligators and crocodiles
|
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testudinata
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turtles and tortoises (have a carapace)
|
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Sphenodontia
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tuataras
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Monotremes
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egg laying mammals
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platypus, echnidas
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Marsupials
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have a nipple covering pouch
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kangaroos, koalas, opossum, wallabies
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Placentals
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Give birth, have a placenta
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humans, monkeys, whales, bats
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insectivores
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eat insects
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moles, hedgehogs, shrews
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Carnivores
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meat eaters
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lions, wolves
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herbivores
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ruminants (have a rumen that breaks down cellulose) - Livestock
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nonruminants (cellulose is broken down in the cecum) - Rabits
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Omnivores
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eat plants and animals
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bears
|
|
Respiration
|
occurs in gills
|
|
Circulatory System
|
closed system
|
|
Heart chambers
|
2
|
|
Swim bladder / Gas Bladder
|
an internal organ filled with gas that allows most bony fish to swim at different depths
|
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Feeding
|
Filter feeders - predators - scavengers (feed off corpses)
|
|
Nervous System
|
similar to other vertebrates
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Lateral Line organ
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a sensory organ that allows fish to detect changes in the water
|
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Reproduction
|
Spawning - internal fertilization
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Spawning
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when gametes are released in the water (external)
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Classification
|
bony fish (tuna) - cartilaginous fish (Sharks) - jawless fish (parasitic lamprey)
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Ctenoid
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bass
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Cycloid
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salmon & sardines
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Ganoid
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Gar
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Placoid
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Sharks
|
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vertebral coloumn
|
present
|
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Jaws
|
present, and are used for predation and protection
|
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Fins
|
allow fish to swim
|
|
scales
|
come in 4 types
|
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
