Some basic commands used in Linux for white hat/ethical hacking purposes, as well as just some good general knowledge in linux with networking.
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pwd
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Show current directory
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mkdir directory
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Make directory directory
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rmdir directory
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Remove directory
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cd directory
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Change to directory directory
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cd ..
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Go up a directory (the parent directory)
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cd
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Change to home directory
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ls
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list files (in current directory)
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cat file
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Display contents of file
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ls directory
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list files in specified directory
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whoami
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Show your username
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uname -a
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Show system and kernel
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head -n1 /etc/issue
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Show distrobution
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man command
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Show manual/information for specified command
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uptime
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Show uptime
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date
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Show system date
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mount
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Show mounted file systems
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-a
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Show all plus hidden files
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-R
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Recursive list
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-r
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Reverse order
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-t
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Sort by last modified
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-S
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Sort by file size
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-l
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Long listing format
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-1
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One file per line
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-m
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Comma-separated output
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-Q
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Quoted output
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grep option string files
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Search for string in files
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-i
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Case insensitive search
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-r
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Recursive search
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-v
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Inverted search
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-c
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Print count of matching lines
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-o
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Show matched part of file only
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find /dir/ -name name
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Find files starting with name in dir
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find /dir/ -user name
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Find files owned by name in dir
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whereis command
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Find binary source manual for command
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locate file
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Find file with quick search of system index
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which file
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Shows path to file
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touch
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Create, change, modify timestamps of a file
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echo
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Print specified text
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mv
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Move source to directory; Rename Old to New
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rm
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Remove files or directories
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rm -f
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Ignore nonexistent files
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rm -i
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Prompt before every removal
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rm -I
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Prompt once before removing more than 3 files
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rm -r
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Remove directories and their contents recursively
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cp file1 file2
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Copy file1 to file2
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cp -b
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Backup (doesn't support argument)
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cp -f
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If file cannot be opened remove and try again
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cp -l
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Hard link files instead of copying
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cp -n
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Do not overwrite existing file
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cp -s
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Make symbolic link instead of copying
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cp -r
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Copy directories recursively
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cp -u
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Copy only when SOURCE file is newer than destination file or when destination file is missing
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chmod u file
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Change owner permission of file
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chmod g file
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Change group permission of file
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chmod o file
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Change all others' permission of file
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chmod a file
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Change everyone's permission of file
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r
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permission to read symbol
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w
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permission to write symbol
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x
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permission to execute symbol
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chmod o+r file
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Adds the "read" ability to "other" users
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chmod o-r file
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Removes the "read" ability from "other" users
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chmod 777 file
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Adds rwx permissions to all users using octal notations
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chown newowner file
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Change user owner of file to newowner
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chown :groupname file.txt
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Change group owner of file.txt to groupname
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chown newowner:groupname file.txt
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Change user owner and group owner of file
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-f
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Suppress most error messages
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-R
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Make changes recursively
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-H
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If cmd argument is symbolic link, traverse it
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-L
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Traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered
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-h
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Affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file
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ps
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Show snapshot of current processes
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top
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Show realtime processes
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kill pid
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Kill process with ID pid
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pkill name
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Kill process with name name
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killall name
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Kill all process with names beginning with name
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ifconfig
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Show details of Network settings (IP, version, etc)
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whois
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Shows site owner and DNS name server
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nslookup
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Shows nameservers and IP Addresses
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traceroute
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Shows routing information to host
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nmap
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Port scanning (TCP, UDP)
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ping/ping6
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Send ICMP pings; Also checks latency
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route
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Show/manipulate IP routing table
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arp
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Show/manipulate ARP cache
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ip
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See ARP cache, neighbor table, add routes
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nc
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Show various network info
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tcpdump
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Capture network traffic
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dig website
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Show various IP information
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nc host port
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Connect to remote server(s)
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nc -l IPaddress port
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Listen mode; listen for incoming connections
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-p
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Specify port number
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-v
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Verbose mode
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-z
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Scan for open ports
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-q
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Specify delay before closing connection
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-g
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Source-routing hop point(s) up to 8
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-n
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Numeric-only IP addresses
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-s address
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local source address
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-c string
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specify shell cmds to execute after connect
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-e filename
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Specify filename to execute after connect (if no working /bin/sh)
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-A
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Print in ASCII
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-c count
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Exit after capturing count packets
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-D
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Show available interfaces
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-e
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Print link-level header on each line
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-F file
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Use file as filter expression
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-L
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List data link types for interface
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-n
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Don't convert addresses to names
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-p
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Don't capture in promiscuous mode
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-q
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Quick Output
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-r file
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Read packets from file
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-s len
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Capture up to len bytes per packet
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-S
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Print absolute TCP seq numbers
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-t
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Don't print timestamps
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-w file
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Write captured packets to file
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-y type
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Specify data-link type
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-Z user
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Drop privileges from root to user
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
