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i - insert at cursor (goes into insert mode)
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ESC - Terminate insert mode
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a - write after cursor (goes into insert mode)
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u - undo last change
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A - Write at the end of line (goes into insert mode)
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U - undo all changes to the entire line
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dd - delete line
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o - open a new line (goes into insert mode
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3dd - delete 3 lines
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C - delete contents of a line after the cursor and insert new text
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dw - delete word
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r - replace character
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4dw - delete 4 words
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R - overwrite characters from cursor onward
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cw - change word
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s - substitute one character under cursor continue to insert
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x - delete character at the cursor
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S - Substitute entire line and begin to insert at the beginning of the line
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~~ change case of individual character
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k - move cursor up
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h - move cursor left
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j - move cursor down
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l - move cursor right
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Shift+zz: save the file and quit
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:q - quit without saving
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:w - save the file but keep it open
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:wq - save the file and quit
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> : send output to file or another device
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>> : appends new file to an existing file
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< : reverse redirection, takes input for program from existing file instead of keyboard
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> : redirection, combined with system commands to achieve any desired results
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!! : current history
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wc : word count
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Ctrl-c: stop current command
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Ctrl-a: go to start of line
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Ctrl-z: sleep program
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Ctrl-e: go to end of line
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Ctrl-u: cut from start of line
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Ctrl-k: cut to end of line
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Ctrl-R: read file
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Ctrl-O: save file
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Alt-A; start marking text
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Ctrl-X: close file
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Ctrl-K: cut marked text or line
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Ctrl-U: paste text
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ALT-/ End of file
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CTRL-E: End of line
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CTRL-A: Beginning of line
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CTRL-C: Show line number
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CTRL-W: Find
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ALT-W: Find next
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CTRL-\: Search and replace
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# Display the user and group ids of your current user.
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# Display the last users who have logged onto the system.
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id
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last
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# Show who is logged into the system.
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# Show who is logged in and what they are doing.
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who
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w
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# Create a group named "test".
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# Create an account named john, with a comment of "John Smith" and create the user's home directory.
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groupadd test
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useradd -c "John Smith" -m john
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# Delete the john account.
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# Add the john account to the sales group
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userdel john
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usermod -aG sales john
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#Display Linux system information
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#Show system host name
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uname -a
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hostname
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#Display kernel release information
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# Display the IP addresses of the host
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uname -r
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hostname -I
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# Show which version of redhat installed
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#Show the current date and time date
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cat /etc/redhat-release
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date
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# Who you are logged in as
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# Display who is online
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whoami
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w
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# Show this month's calendar
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# Show system host name
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|
cal
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hostname
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#Search for pattern in file: grep pattern file
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# Search recursively for pattern in directory: grep -r pattern directory
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# Find files and directories by name: locate name
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# Find files in /home/john that start with "prefix": find /home/john -name 'prefix*'
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# Find files larger than 100MB in /home: find /home -size +100M
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# Connect to host as your local username: ssh host
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# Connect to host as user: ssh user@host
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# Connect to host using port: ssh -p port user@host
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grep 'word' filename – Search any line that contains the word in filename on Linux
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grep -i 'bar' file1 – A case-insensitive search for the word ‘bar’ in Linux and Unix
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grep -R 'foo' . – Search all files in the current directory and in all of its subdirectories in Linux for the word ‘foo’
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grep -c 'nixcraft' frontpage.md – Search and display the total number of times that the string ‘nixcraft’ appears in a file named frontpage.md
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# List all files in a long listing (detailed) format
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# Display the present working directory
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ls -al
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pwd
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# Create a directory
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# Remove (delete) file
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mkdri directory
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rm file
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# Remove the directory and its contents recursively
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# Force removal of file without prompting for confirmation
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rm -r directory
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rm -f file
|
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# Forcefully remove directory recursively
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#Copy file1 to file2
|
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rm -rf directory
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cp file1 file2
|
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# Copy source_directory recursively to destination. If destination exists, copy source_directory into destination, otherwise create destination with the contents of source_directory.
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# Rename or move file1 to file2. If file2 is an existing directory, move file1 into directory file2
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cp -r source_directory destination
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mv file1 file2
|
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# Create symbolic link to linkname
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# Create an empty file or update the access and modification times of file.
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ln -s /path/to/file linkname
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touch file
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# Display the first/last 10 lines of file
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#View/browse the contents of file
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head line/tail line
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cat file/less file
|
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# Display the last 10 lines of file and "follow" the file as it grows.
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tail -f file
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user group/other permissions - link account - user - group - filesize - date - filename
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r : read, w : write, x - excute
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/ to find
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\> : searches for the next word that ends with a specific string
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[] : finds the characters between brackets
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/< : searches for the next word that begins with a specific string
|
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$: searches for the line that ends with a specific character
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:! - leave vi tempo
|
|
:q - cancel an editing session
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:wq - write changes to disk and exit vi
|
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ZZ: in command mode, save changes and exit vi
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u : undo most recent change
|
|
/ to find
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\> : searches for the next word that ends with a specific string
|
|
[] : finds the characters between brackets
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/< : searches for the next word that begins with a specific string
|
|
/ to find
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\> : searches for the next word that ends with a specific string
|
|
[] : finds the characters between brackets
|
/< : searches for the next word that begins with a specific string
|
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Cheatography n. The art of mapping complex subjects into clear, instantly navigable reference guides.
