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Command
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Description
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Parameter/Usage
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wget
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Downloads something from a web address
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ssh
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Remote login or command run
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"ssh username@server"
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scp, sftp
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Remote file copy
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openssl
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For generating stuff for encryption
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ssh-keygen
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For generating public/private key pairs
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dnf
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Package manager for Fedora. Use it to download, update, and install all sorts of software
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ifconfig
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Use without parameters to get general info on network connections. Also used for assigning IP addresses and setting up networking config stuff for interface devices
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netmask
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Used for setting network submask
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route
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For adding entries to a routing table
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netstat
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For displaying network info
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ip
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For Internet Protocol activities
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traceroute
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Given an address, will identify all of the places your packets travel to to get to that address
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ping
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Sends packets to an IP, seeing how long it takes to get a response
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dig
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Queries DNS servers to get info on a domain
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Command
|
Description
|
Parameters
|
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du
|
Disk usage; shows disk usage of files in directory
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h: human readable. a: all files, not just directories
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free
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Shows amount of free & and used memory in system
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df
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Report on file system & disk space usage
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lsblk
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Report info about block devices
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fdisk
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Manipulate disk partioning
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l: list disks
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Uname
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Print system information
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export
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For setting an environment variable
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unmount
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Unmounts the specified disk
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eject
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Ejects the specified disk
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Name
|
Description
|
Parameters/Notes
|
|
ls
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list everything in given directory (default is present dir)
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l: long, more detailed view. a: show all, even hidden files/directories
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cd
|
navigate to another directory
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pwd
|
Present Working Directory; shows current directory
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|
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cp
|
Copy a file from one place to another
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|
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rm
|
Remove a file or directory
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f: force remove, ignoring warnings/anything. r: recursive; use this to delete directories
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mv
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Moves a file
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Can be used to rename files, by 'moving' a file to the same directory, with a different name
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rmdir
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Removes a directory
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|
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mkdir
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Creates a directory
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-p to make parents; can build a chain of non-existent directories all at once
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touch
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Updates a file's last-edited date.
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Can be used to create files- it will create a file if the given file does not exist
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history
|
lists history of previous commands
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|
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man
|
Lists manual page for a given command, that'll tell you alllll about what a command can do and how to use it
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|
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reboot
|
Reboots the machine
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Directory
|
Description
|
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/etc
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All sorts of system-wide configuration stuff
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/proc/cpuinfo
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CPU info
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/etc/passwd
|
User account info
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/etc/group
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Group info
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/etc/shadow
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Where passwords are actually kept
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/etc/skel
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Skeleton, template home directory for copying to make new home directories
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/etc/systemd/system
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Daemon config file / setup stuff
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/etc/syslog.conf
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Configuration for syslog logging daemon
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/var/log
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Where logs are kept
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/etc/hosts
|
Configuration for network hosts
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/etc/networks
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Configuration for networks
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Command
|
Description
|
Parameters/Usage
|
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top
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Displays and updates lots of info on running processes
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|
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prestres
|
Displays current running processes as a tree
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fg
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Foreground; resume a suspended process or bring one back from the foreground
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fg %[job number] or fg [process ID]
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bg
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Background; puts a process into the background
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|
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Note: if you want to put a currently running command in the background, use CTRL+Z, and then fg & bg
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||
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kill
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Kills a command in the background
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|
Command
|
Description
|
Parameters
|
|
systemctl
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Managing systems/services, in particular daemons
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journalctl
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part of systemd, can be used to see logging/errors for daemons
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crontab
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Used for setting up automated running of commands / scripts at certain dates or intervals via cron
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at
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For scheduling a command to run just once
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atq
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Lists commands in the queue that have been scheduled to run
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atrm
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Remove a command from the queue
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test
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For checking files and values; any yes/no question about our system
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Command
|
Description
|
Parameters
|
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locate
|
For searching for files
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|
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find
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For searching for files
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less
|
Text viewer for viewing large files
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nano
|
Good, simple text editor
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vim
|
Complex, powerful text editor
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|
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vimtutor
|
Used for learning vim
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|
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cat
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Concatenate files and print them to stdout
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|
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echo
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Echoes whatever it is given; useful for sending text somewhere
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|
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head
|
Read first few lines of a file and print them to stdout
|
n: number of lines to read
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tail
|
Read last few lines of a file and print them to stdout
|
n: number of lines to read
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awk
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Used for viewing files in complex ways, like looping through a file and only looking at certain patterns and columns/rows in a file
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|
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dd
|
Reads bytes from a location
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|
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Command
|
Description
|
Parameters
|
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passwd
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For changing and setting passwords
|
|
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useradd
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For adding a new user
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su
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Switch user
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usermod
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Modify a user account
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chown
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For changing ownership of a file / directory
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chmod
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For changing permissions of a file / directory
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groupadd
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Add a group
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Symbol / Term
|
Description
|
|
stdin
|
Standard input; the input a command is looking to for what it should work with. Generally comes from keyboard; could be a file or something else, if we redirect stuff
|
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stdout
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Standard output; typically is the console. Can be changed to a file or something if we redirect it.
|
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stderr
|
Standard error; where errors are printed to.
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|
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Pipe. Used to send output of one command directly to another like, "history | less"
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>
|
Send output of command somewhere.
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>>
|
Append output somewhere.
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>& or &>
|
Send stdout and stderr somewhere
|
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2>
|
Send just stderr somewhere
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1>
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Send just stdout somewhere
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&
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Put at the end of a command to run it in the background, immediately returning console to you.
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$
|
When on prompt, means that you're a regular user
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#
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When on prompt, means that you're the root user
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?
|
Wildcard character - when a command receives '?' in its input, it will take that mean to any single character
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*
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Wildcard for any number of characters. I.e. "*.txt" would refer to any thing/file ending in ".txt"
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[abc]
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Wildcard for given characters (here, a, b, or c). Can also define a range, i.e. [1-3]
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CTRL+U
|
Delete current line
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CTRL+C
|
Abort whatever's currently running
|
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CTRL+Z
|
Suspend whatever's currently running
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|
Command
|
Description
|
Parameters
|
|
yes
|
Spams a string until forcibly stopped
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sudo
|
Runs the given command as root
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shutdown
|
Shuts down system
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"shutdown now" to do it now
|
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halt
|
Shuts down system
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p: needed on most systems to power down hardware
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reboot
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Same as halt but reboots
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which
|
Finds if a command exists and where it is
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|
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whereis
|
Like which but searches a broader area than just your shell's search path
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sort
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Sorts text
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r: reverses sort order. h: for sorting human-readable byte counts
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ln
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Used for creating links between files; shortcuts basically
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chsh
|
Change shell
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stty
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Setting key commands (like backspace to delete)
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(Use "stty sane" to unbork a borked shell)
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clear
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Clears terminal of text
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script
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Saves everything that comes up in your console, until exit is called
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