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- Based on the transport of standardized boxes
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- Often called ”box ships”
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- 60% of the world trade is containerized (in value)
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- The fastest growing segment in shipping
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- FCL [Full container load]
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- LCL [Less than container load]
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- Standardization
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- Permits door-to-door service
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- No intermediate handling at transshipment points
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- Low risk for cargo damage
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- Quick transit
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- Possibility to rationalize fleet
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- Facilitates maximum use of modern integrated computer systems
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- Dry storage
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- Bulk
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- High cube
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- Tank
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- Ventilated
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- Open top
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- Insulated
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- Insulated
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- Flat rack
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- Refrigerated [Reefer]
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- 1780s, for horse and carriage, military equipment
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- 1830s, boxes shipped across continents
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- Transporters, military container
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- Conex container
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- Malcom McLean
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- Hubs –relay ports – primary ports
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- Sea – land interface
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- Scale of operation
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- Empty containers
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- Containers falling off
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- Piracy
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