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Bulk commodity vs bulk cargo
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Commodity supply industries
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Steel production
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Growing infrastructure development in developing countries
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Urbanization
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Used to be Europe, USA and Japan, now BRIC [Brasil, Russia, India, China]
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Overcapacity in the fleet + large orderbook
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Efficiency
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Price and volume
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Refrigerator ships
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Temperature controlled transportation
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Usually food
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Competition from containers
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Capesize bulk carrier
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> 100.000 dwt, Coal and ore, ULOC, VLOC
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Panamax bulk carrier
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60.000-100.000 dwt, Coal, crude oil and petroleum, Latin-America
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Handymax bulk carrier
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40.000-60.000 dwt, Small and large ports, often 4 cranes
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Handysize bulk carrier
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10.000-40.000 dwt, the smallest bulk carriers, often 4 cranes
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OBO carrier
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Oil/Bulk/Ore, Dry and wet bulk, Cleaning is demanding, expensive to build, not built any more
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1850: The first bulk ships built
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1900: The first diesel fueled ships with integrated loading and unloading equipment
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1958: Thorvald Klaveness built the worlds first special made bulk carrier, Carried fertilizer from Norway
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1961: Klaveness was the first in the world to carry cement
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From short-sea to deep-sea
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Increased trade between the industrialized countries
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Increased energy need, increased production
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Larger and quicker ships
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Specialisedbulk carrieres
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Surplus in the market
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China’s growth? Stagnation?
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Other BRIC countries
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International bulk fleet
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Baltic dry index
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Bulk-carriers
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Ore-carriers
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OBO / Combination Carriers
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20% of the dry bulk
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Measured in tons
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Steel
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Mining
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Very dusty
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Electricity production
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Fuel for heating
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Mining
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Environmentally questionable
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Food production
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Rice, corn, oatmeal, wheat
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Demanding transportation–high risk
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Ventilation and protection from bad weather and bugs
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Fertilizer
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Dusty and absorbs moisture
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Production of aluminum
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Indonesia –50% of the export
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Kina –70% of import
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Hydro
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Uncertain trade in the future due to Indonesian stop in export
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Represents the rest of the dry bulk industry
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Sugar, minerals, forest products
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