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- Not "one" shipping segment
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- Started in the 20th century
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- Took off after WWII
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- Demand for resources to build cities up again
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- Has both supply and demand
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- 43% of cargo in Europe is on ships
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- 270 shipowners
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- Largest companies in Norway are Wilson, SeaCargo/SeaTrans, Green Reefers, Unifeeder, NorLines
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- 500 Norwegian owned vessels
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- Ship types: bulk, container, RoRo, RoPax
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- Often old tonnage that need updates
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- Small onshore organisations
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- Cooperation / competition with rail and road
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- Containers
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- Small loose cargoes
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- Pallets
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- Pre-slung cargo
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- Small-volume liquid cargoes
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- Heavy cargoes
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- Special cargoes that are difficult to handle
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- TO-TO [Trot on-Trot off]
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- Norway has 40%
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- Chemicals
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- Liquefied gas
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- Reefer cargoes
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- Unit load cargoes
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- Passenger shipping
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- Shipping companies have widened their portfolio of services
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- Increased specialization in the supply of maritime transport services –change in ship size and ship characteristics
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- Development of alliances or pools in e.g. bulk trades
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- Raising sustainability imperatives and climate change concerns leading to sustainable shipping
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- World trade continues developing, esp. in the developing countries
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- Intermodal transport system
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- Super-slow steaming
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- Internal rivalry
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- Strong price pressure
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- Large and small suppliers
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- Strong competition from road and rail transport
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- Many suppliers
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- Reduction of pollution
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- Reduction of road transport accidents
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- Reduces transport network congestion levels
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- Reduces investments in transportation infrastructure
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- Increases port hinterland competitiveness
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