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Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made
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Polymers are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
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Maltose
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Glucose and Glucose
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Sucrose
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Glucose and Fructose
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Lactose
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Glucose and Galactose
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Polymer of alpha glucose
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Coiled, alpha-helix structure
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Not branched
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1-4 glycosidic bonds only
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Insoluble so doesn't affect water potential
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Compact so a lot can be stored in a small space
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Function: energy storage in plants
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Function: energy storage in animals
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Polymers of alpha glucose
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Branched structure, but more ends than amylopectin to reflect higher metabolic activity of animals
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1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
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Insoluble so doesn't affect water potential
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Compact so a lot can be stored in a small space
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Many ends can be acted on simultaneously by enzymes
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Benedict's test for reducing sugars involves boiling with Benedict's solution, and the positive result is a coloured (non-blue) precipitate
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Test for non-reducing sugars involves boiling with HCl, neutralising with NaOH and then repeating the Benedict's test
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Source of energy
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Structural Components
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Storage Compounds
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Metabolite
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Transport
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Cell Recognition
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Condensation reactions between monosaccharides forms glycosidic bonds
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Function: energy storage in plants
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Polymer of alpha glucose
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Branched structure
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1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
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Large so insoluble so doesn't affect water potential
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Many ends that can be acted on by enzymes to hydrolyse quickly
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Function: Structural components of plant cell walls
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Polymer of beta glucose
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Chains of alternately inverted beta glucose units
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Hydrogen bonds between the chains increases collective strength
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Forms microfibrils and then fibril structures which increases tensile strength
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Long chains form a mesh structure and so the cell wall is permeable
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Add iodine solution to the sample
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A positive result is a blue/black solution
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Add iodine solution to the sample
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A positive result is a blue/black solution
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