Includes 1920's, Depression, 30's Foreign Policy, WWII, Cold War-60's.
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Palmer Raids
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1920 operation by Att. Gen. Mitchel Palmer, marshals raid homes of suspected radicals and hq of organizations in 32 cities
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Nativism
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Resurfaced because of fear & prejudice many felt towards German and communists.
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Fundamentalism
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Bible = literal true without error
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Prohibition
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18th ammendment in 1920 until 21st ammendment in 33
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Flappers
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Radical fashioned women
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Art Deco
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Art Style of 20's and 30s
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Harlem Renaissance
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1920's when black achievements in art, music and literature flourished
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Back to Africa Movement
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Encouraged blacks to return to Africa for their own empire because of racists in states
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NAACP
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Nat'l Assoc. for Adv. of Color Ppl, found in 1909, got supreme court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional
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ACLU
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Amer. Cib. Lib. Union - Defendsrights that constitution grants
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Jazz
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Popular dance music of 20's
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18 Amendment
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Prohibited manufacture, sale, and distr. of alcohol
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19 Amendment
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Right to vote to women in federal or state elections
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21st amendment
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Repealed 18th amendment
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National Origins Act
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Made immigrant restrictions a permanent policy, mostly English & German allowed
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Volstead Act
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Bill passed by congress to enforce the language of 18th amendment
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Scopes Trial
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1925 Tennesse trial of Teaacher John Scopes charged w/ teaching evolution.
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Warren Harding
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29th, republican, "Return to Normalcy". Marred by scandal
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Calvin Coolidge
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Rigid economy, "Silent Cal", True Republican, believed in gov't supporting big business and little intervention
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Marcus Garvey
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Black leader during 20's, founded universal negro improvement assocatian, advocated migration to Africa, deported to Jamaica in 27
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Zora Neal Hurston
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Black writer, folklore scholar, author of "Their Eyes Were Watching God", sympathy for blacks.
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Langston Hughes
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Black poet, described rich culture of black life using rhythems influenced by jazz. Wrote of hope and defiance & culture.
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Bonus Army
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WWI vets that marched to DC in 32 to demand immediate payment, were denied
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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Oil discovered on fed. land > Contracts given from bribes, total ~ $400M in 20's USD
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Lindbergh
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Crosses atlantic solo, instant fame
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Mississippi Flood
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Kills 300, caused $4B
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Axis Powers:
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Fascist Italy, Empire O' Japan, Nazi Germany, Hungary (no choice), Finland (hates USSR)
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Allied Powers:
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China, British Empire, France, USSR, USA, other small nations contributed
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Germany First Policy
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UK/US agreement, Germany should be biggest effort because it's strongest
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Pearl Harbor
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Dec. 7, 1941 - Drew US into war on a sunday morning, missed oil and aircraft carriers
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Air War: "Memphis Belle"
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First to make 25 bombing runs, so did Jimmy Stewart!
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Sea War:
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USS Pamponito Submarine, USS Iowa Battleship, USS Enterprise Aircraft Carrier
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D-Day
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Largest Amphibian Assault, lead by Eisenhower, thousands dead
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Yalta Agreement
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Agreement to split Germany, Eastern Germany with USSR
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Soviet Union Declared Japan War
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Last in August 8-9, 1945, rested up and reinforced late
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VJ Day
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Signed on USS Missouri
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Largest Armed Forces
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Russia, China, Japan, Germany, US, British Empire
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Death Toll:
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~60M
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Russian Death Toll:
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20M, POW's 3.3M
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London Death Toll:
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~85k
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Dresden Death Toll
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~100-125k, caused form Firestorm
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Nanking Death Toll
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~400k
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Japan Cities Toll
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~ 66 cities
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Peak of Bomb Drops @ Japan
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37,992 (by August, 2weeks of petroleum left)
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Nagasaki Bomb
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~20k Tons of TNT
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Atom Bomb Death Toll
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Combined ~ 350k
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Leaders:
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President for most war: Roosevelt, PM of UK = Churchill, USSR = Stalin, Allied Europe = Eisenhower, Allied Asia =McCarthur, PM of Japan = Hideki Tojo
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October 29, 1929
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Stock Market Crashes - first major indicator of coming depression, dubbed "Black Tuesday".
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Smoot-Hawley Tariff
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High Tariff contributed to global downturn
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1st New Deal
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Legislation about Relief, Recovery & Reform
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2nd New Deal
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WPA/Jobs
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SSA
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Social Sec. Act - Forced retirment savings
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Wagner Act / NLRb / Nat'l Labor Rel. Board
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Increasing worker protections, protected unions.
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3rd New Deal/ J.M. Keynes
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English economist who believed Govt should spend to help gdp
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Glass-Steagall Act - FDIC
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Fed. Dep. Insur. Corp. - 1933, insured bank deposits,
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Securites & Exchange Commission - SEC
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Regulated stock market, restricted margin buyin
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Social Security Act - SSI
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Provided pensions, unemployment insurance, aid to disabled and poor. Welfare and forced savings
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Tennessee Valley Authory - TVA
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Fed gov't built dams for electricity. Still around.
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Hoovervilles
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Shanty towns named after president
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Dust Bowl
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TX, OK, KS, reason wy ppl movede west
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FDR
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established 20+ programs, replaced Hoover, Supreme court knocked a lot down, Biggest fear was Facism
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Signs of Facism
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Irrational Manipulation of masses, Social Darwinism (Supreme race), Natlism on steroids, glorifcation of state, absolute obedience to leaders, racism, anti-communist
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Result of Facism
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Universal Propaganda, Militarism, Glorified Authoritarian Leaders, Institutionalized Persecution, Intolerance of ideas outside Fascism(book burning), Resistance in form of minorities
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Operation Crossroads
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Bikini Atoll testing in 46, Able & Baker, Baker 21Kt, sank USS Saratoga
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Cold War Costs
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~1.5 - 3T
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Brandenberg Gate
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Symbolic Gate @ Berlin
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Korean War (50-53)
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First major use of Helicopters
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Tito
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Yugoslavic leader who kept them independent
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NATO
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US, Canada, UK, France, Portugal, West Germany, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands
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Warsaw Pact
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USSR, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech, East Germany, Albania
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George Kennan
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Diplomat @ Russia, sent analysis of Leadership, Containment Policy author
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George Marshall
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Trumans Foreign advisor & Secretary of state, endorsed plan to give aide to failing nationas
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Britain continued rations
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For 7 years after the war
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Truman
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Ike, great president after FDR
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Eisenhower
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Came after Truman
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Stalin
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Died in 53, causing power struggle
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Nakita Khruschchev
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Next in power, less cruel but still craycray
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Chairman Mao
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Drove remaining China into Taiwan
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Berlin Blockade
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Western Berlin surrounded, Stalin blocks land, west air drops
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Korean War
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N.Korea in old Japan, attacks South. No soviet troops but did get training and funding. Eventually coalition Nato takes seoul with30 nations, China sends 2m, 3 years later, stalemate @ 38th Parallel.
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Senator Joseph McCarthy
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Gained power by accusing ppl of being red, "Demagog"
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Guatemala Coup
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US Backed by CIA, rids Jacobo Arbenz
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Rationing
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Ration food, gas, rubber, etc for troops, a lot of farmers left for war
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Recycling
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Collected glass, meta, rubber, even fats. Boyscouts recycled Newspapers too well
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Relocation
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People all over the nation moving towards jobs/ factories
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Victory Gardens
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Encouragement of small family gardens, 1/3 of all vegetabls produced, not rationed
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Radio
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Becomes main source of news & entertainment
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Includes
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"Dont sit under apple tree" - Andrew Sisters, "Report from Paratrooper" by Edward Murrow, "I'll be seeing you" by Tommy Dorsey & Sinatra in 1940
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Rememberance
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People wrote huge #'s of Letters, kept pictures
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Relocation Revisited
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Japanese internment camps created, loss of private property, etc
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